一种干旱区保水辅助建植装置的应用研究

Study on the Application of a Kind of Auxiliary Planting Device for Water Conservation in Arid Area

[目的]为解决干旱区路域生态修复中植被建植困难、存活率低和水土流失严重等问题,提出了一种保水辅助建植装置(WAD)。[方法]利用WAD、保水剂(SAP)在格库铁路沿线进行生态修复试验,对不同保水措施下的保水率、修复后植被生长状况、水土流失状况等进行评价,筛选出适宜的保水措施。[结果]WAD的保水率显著高于保水剂(SAP)和空白对照(CK)措施,且保水率与时间呈指数负相关;30 d后WAD、SAP和CK措施下的保水率分别为35%、14%和0。不同保水措施植被存活率表现为WAD>SAP>CK,越冬后WAD措施下的植被率为69%,而SAP和CK措施下植被存活率不足50%;在植物生长初期,WAD措施下的植被生长高度和生长速度均高于其他2种措施,150 d后植被新增高度表现为WAD>SAP>CK;土壤容重和土壤侵蚀模数表现为WAD<SAP<CK,表明WAD可有效改善土壤结构,增强土壤水源涵养功能,减少水土流失。[结论]WAD措施可满足干旱区路域生态修复工程的建设需求,可有效提高保水性能,提升植被存活率和植被生长高度,改善水土流失状况,减少养护成本。

[Objective] In order to solve the problems of difficult vegetation establishment,low survival rate and serious water and soil loss in the ecological restoration of the road area in arid areas,a water conservation auxiliary planting device(WAD) was proposed.[Method] WAD and super absorbent polymer(SAP) were used to carry out ecological restoration tests along Geku railway,to evaluate the water retention rate under different water retention measures,vegetation growth status after restoration,water and soil loss status,and select appropriate water retention measures.[Result]The water retention rate of WAD was significantly higher than that of SAP and CK,and the water retention rate was negatively correlated with time.After 30 days,the water retention rates under WAD,SAP and CK measures were 35%,14% and 0% respectively.The vegetation survival rate of different water conservation measures was WAD>SAP>CK.After one year,the vegetation survival rate under WAD measures was 69%,while that under SAP and CK measures was less than 50%.At the initial stage of plant growth,the growth height and growth speed of vegetation under WAD measures were higher than those of the other two measures.After 150 d,the new height of vegetation was WAD>SAP>CK.The soil bulk density and soil erosion modulus were as follows:WAD<SAP<CK,indicating that WAD can effectively improve soil structure,enhance soil water conservation function,and reduce soil erosion.[Conclusion] WAD measures can meet the construction needs of ecological restoration projects in arid areas,effectively improve water conservation performance,improve vegetation survival rate and vegetation growth height,improve water and soil loss,and reduce maintenance costs.