农业生产及贸易对碳排放的影响及研究展望

Impact of Agricultural Production and Trade on Carbon Emissions and Research Prospects

农业碳排放(ACE)是全球碳排放(CE)的主要贡献者,农业减排固碳存在巨大潜力。为助力农业低碳绿色发展,对农业从生产到消费全过程中对CE的影响进行系统梳理,从耕作、作物类型、施肥、灌溉、农业生产力、作物收割方式等方面分析土地利用微观行为对CE的影响;从农业发展的集约化与专业化程度、农业商品化程度、贸易结构及其运输方式等方面阐述大尺度农业贸易对CE的影响;基于全球及中国农产品贸易与CE空间转移现状,厘清宏观尺度农业贸易与CE空间转移机理。最后,提出了相应的对策建议,即转变农业生产方式、优化农业生产结构、构建现代化农业经营体系,协同实现农业绿色转型;建立健全CE影响机理相关理论体系,构建规范统一的CE统计核算体系;制订更公平合理的CE责任分配方案,稳妥有序推进碳交易市场建设。

Agricultural carbon emission(ACE) is a major contributor to global carbon emissions(CE),and there is enormous potential for carbon reduction and sequestration in agriculture.In order to help the low carbon and green development of agriculture,a systematic review of the impact of agriculture on CE throughout the whole process from production to consumption was made,the impact of land use micro-behavior on CE was analyzed in terms of tillage,crop type,fertilizer application,irrigation,agricultural productivity and crop harvesting methods;the impact of large-scale agricultural trade on CE was illustrated in terms of the degree of agricultural intensification and specialization,the degree of agricultural commercialization,trade structure and transport modes;based on the current situation of global and Chinese agricultural trade and spatial transfer of CE,the mechanism of agricultural trade and CE spatial transfer in macro-scale was clarified.Finally,some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward,that is,transforming the agricultural production mode,optimizing the agricultural production structure,building a modern agricultural management system,and realizing the green transformation of agriculture;establishing and improving a theoretical system related to the mechanism of CE impact,and building a normative and unified statistical accounting system;formulating a more equitable and reasonable scheme for the allocation of CE responsibilities,and promoting the construction of a carbon trading market in a steady and orderly manner.