有备无患:《盐铁论》的备战军事思想论析

Preparation for Security:An Analysis of Military Preparedness in On Salt and Iron

《盐铁论》虽然主要是对以盐、铁、均输、平准为中心的经济问题而展开讨论的记录,但其中也涉及汉和匈奴以及同周边其他部族的战和关系。以桑弘羊为首的公卿派和以贤良、文学为代表的儒士对汉匈战争有着截然不同的看法。其中,以桑弘羊为代表的“公卿派”阐发了“有备则制人,无备则制于人”的备战思想,是秦汉军事思想的重要组成部分。由于备战充分,西汉在王朝中晚期取得了一系列对匈奴作战的胜利,掌握了汉匈关系的主动权,为巩固国防和“昭宣中兴”奠定了军事基础。

AlthoughOnSaltandIronmainly discusses economic issues centered around salt,iron,equal transportation,and fair pricing,it also touches upon wars and relationships between the Han Dynasty and the Huns and other neighboring ethnic groups.The“high official faction”led by Sang Hongyang and the Confucian scholars,represented by wise and literary individuals have different views on the war between the Han dynasty and the Huns The“high official faction”led by Sang Hongyang,advocates the idea of war preparation of“being prepared to control others when prepared and being controlled by others when unprepared,”which is an essential part of Qin-Han military thought.Due to sufficient military preparedness,the Western Han Dynasty achieved a series of victories against the Huns in the middle and late periods,gaining the initiative in the Han-Hun relationship and laying the foundation for the defense of the Han Dynasty,which was primarily based on agriculture,and the revitalization of the“Zhao Xuan Rejuvenation.”