新世纪以来国内外城市公共服务设施研究述评

Research Review on Urban Public Service Facility since the 21st Century

国家《“十四五”新型城镇化实施方案》的颁布和党的二十大报告均对城市公共服务设施研究及规划实践提出了新的要求。首先使用CiteSpace软件,对新世纪以来国内外关于城市公共服务设施的中英文期刊文献进行了计量化分析。进一步根据历年发文数量、相关政策颁布时间,将21世纪以来国内外公服设施研究划分为起步期(2000~2005年)、上升期(2006~2013年)、发展期(2014年~)三个阶段。研究结果显示,中英文关于公服设施研究成果可概括归纳为公共服务设施空间配置、政策和管理、效用评估三个方面,主要研究内容聚焦于公服设施的均等化和社会公平、空间配置模型优化、供给和管理模式、可达性、居民需求及满意度等。对研究内容的梳理发现,公服设施研究在理论、方法及内容体系三个方面尚存在不足。未来研究应重点关注研究理论的创新以及研究方法的科学性和适用性,并强化研究视角的多元性,完善公服设施研究的理论框架体系。成果能为国内城市公共服务设施规划设计提供参考,为践行国家新型城镇化战略提供研究支撑。

Both The Implementation of New-type Urbanization during the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan and the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China propose new requirements for researching and practicing urban public service facility planning.This study reviewed the literature on urban public service facilities at home and abroad since the beginning of the 21st Century in Chinese and English.Papers published in core journals which were downloaded from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science,were reviewed through an econometric analysis using CiteSpace software.Research progresses,research hotspots and trends were presented in phased maps.Furthermore,research contents about public service facilities in China and foreign countries were summarized and extracted according to hotspot keywords.The relevant research development characteristics and problems were disclosed,and a development direction for urban public service facilities in the future was proposed.Research results demonstrated that research on public service facilities in China and foreign countries since the beginning of the 21st century can be divided into three stages:beginning stage(2000~2005),rising stage(2006~2013)and development stage(2014~).The research results increased continuously.Specifically,the quantity of research papers in China increased more slowly than in foreign countries.There were few local and international studies in the beginning stage,and the research directions were relatively dispersed.In the rising stage,the number of relevant studies increased at a stable rate.Foreign studies began to apply the spatial analytical method to the setting of public service facilities.Studies in China discussed the equalization of public service facility layout under the policy background of equitable access to basic public services and urban-rural integrated development.Relevant studies achieved rapid growth at home and abroad in the development stage.Faced with an intensifying gap between the rich and the poor in Western countries,studies in foreign countries focus on environmental fairness and public participation,while studies in China emphasize all-round optimization of utility evaluation,configuration,and management of public service facilities.Existing research results of public service facilities in China and foreign countries can be summarized into three aspects:spatial layout,policy and management,and utility evaluation.Research results concerning the spatial layout of public service facilities used social equity and spatial equity as an important principle of configuration.Studies on the configuration method mainly focus on optimizing the theoretical model for location selection.In studies concerning public service facility management,scholars emphasize the importance of determining management subjects and introducing social power and market mechanism to realize industrialization.Studies on utility evaluation of public service facilities are mainly divided into subjective and objective utility evaluation.Subjective utility involves residents'needs and satisfaction degree as per public service facilities.Objective utility mainly covers accessibility measurement and analysis of influencing factors.Based on the review of research content,studies on public service facilities have a problem in that local innovation of theory has to be strengthened.The scientificity and applicability of research methods still have to be improved.Moreover,standards of indexes,reasonability of their weights,and data acquisition systems still have to be optimized.Associations of studies on public service facilities from perspectives of different subjects still have to be further strengthened.Future research could focus on three aspects.Firstly,future studies can further enhance local theoretical discussions based on practice in China.Secondly,the scientificity and applicability of urban public service facility configuration methods shall be further discussed using comprehensive multi-source data.Finally,it shall strengthen diversity of disciplinary perspectives and perfect the theoretical frame system to study public service facilities.Research conclusions can provide references to the planning and design of urban public service facilities in China,and offer research support for the implementation of the national new urbanization strategy.