中小城市老旧社区公共空间适老微更新策略研究

Study on Micro-updating Strategies for Elderly-Friendly Public Spaces in Old Communities in Small and Medium-Sized Cities

聚焦浙江省中小城市养老资源稀缺环境下如何高效率、渐进式、精准化、经济性改善老旧社区存量空间适老化问题,针对社区可供适老空间匮乏及使用需求矛盾等现象,通过现场问卷等调查,归纳出老旧社区宅间、宅边、宅巷和楼栋交通四类典型破碎化有限空间特征。其次,关注老人驻留行为,通过进一步对行为内容、行为规律、需求次序的分析,明晰潜在小微公共空间类型提取原则:空间领域就近、弱势空间整合、空间剩余排除原则。最终从完善菜单式设计导则、建立工业化部件标准、探索多元化协同机制三个维度提出中小城市老旧社区适老微更新策略,并进行案例设计示意。

Aging has always been a hot social issue in old communities.At present,most mature elderly care reform systems and mechanisms are established in large cities or rural areas.Small and medium-sized cities have different characteristics and attributes from large cities and rural areas in terms of physical form,residential mode,neighborhood relationships,social supporting mode,regional culture,and the situation of the elderly population in communities.Compared with large cities,small and medium-sized cities have scarcer supporting resources for the elderly,weaker awareness of elderly care,and a higher aged population.The elderly care system of large cities cannot be applied to small and medium-sized cities directly.This study conducted a questionnaire survey on the contradiction between elderly-friendly space shortage and use needs in old communities(residential areas from the 1980s to the 2000s)in Shaoxing,Jinhua,Wenzhou,Huzhou,and other small and medium-sized cities in Zhejiang Province.Features of four types of typical fragmented,limited spaces,including space among houses,space surrounding houses,lanes among houses,and traffic space of buildings,were summarized.Moreover,the spatial limitations and problems of old communities were disclosed.Secondly,attention was paid to the residential behaviors of the aged.The residential behaviors and needs of the aged were demonstrated.The appeals of residential behaviors for functions,scale,and energy efficiency of elderly-friendly spaces were extracted and analyzed from three dimensions,i.e.,behavioral content and unit element,behavioral laws and spatial utility,as well as demand order and principle characteristics.Thirdly,concepts and characteristics of types of potential elderly-friendly microscopic public spaces were redefined,reviewed,refined,and integrated by matching physical spaces,as highlighted above,and behavioral demands.On this basis,the scopes of elderly-friendly micro-updating were defined effectively and extraction principles of spatial types were determined:spatial proximity,integration of weak potential spaces,and space residual elimination principle.Finally,some elderly-friendly updating strategies for old communities in small and medium-sized cities were proposed from three perspectives:perfecting menu-type design guideline,establishing industrial component standards,and exploring diversified cooperation mechanisms.Specifically,design guidelines mainly illustrate the elderly-friendly reconstruction method to the abovementioned four types of spaces.The industrial standard is mainly for optimization analysis of standardized mode and partialization components.The cooperation mechanism emphasizes the necessity of"sharing,"collaboration,and interaction among government managers,professional designers,developers,and community users.The micro-updating design scheme was provided by taking the design guideline 1-1 for space among rural houses.Functions were perfected from places of behavioral freedom,cultural-belonging places,and information sharing stations.Facing increasing urbanization,large-scale demolition and construction is no longer appreciated in urban development.Micro-updating of big cities is more unique and plays a leading role.However,the micro-updating of small and medium-sized cities needs to pay more attention to universality and promotion.By exploring elderly-friendly micro-updating strategies,this study explores how to efficiently,gradually,accurately,and economically improve the elderly-friendly space in old communities in environments with rare elderly care resources.This is particularly important in small and medium-sized cities under the premise of continuously improving the quality of settlement environments for the aged.This study provides some references for the universal elderly-friendly micro-updating practices of old communities.Nevertheless,this study still has some shortages.For example,the proposed strategies are in the stage of theoretical and design schemes and have to be corrected and verified through practice.