人脸信息保护的制度基础、现实难题与法律因应

Legal Foundation,Practical Difficulties and Legal Response of Facial Information Protection

人脸识别技术当前已被广泛应用于社会综合治理和数字经济等领域,极大地提升了服务和管理效率,但与此同时,人脸识别技术的不当使用也给人脸信息保护带来了一定的现实风险。目前,我国关于规制人脸信息违法处理行为的法律体系尚存在抽象原则多于具体规则、模糊规定多于明确规定、概括性条文多于精确性条款等不足。法律适用问题在人脸信息保护实践中产生了“告知-同意”规则适用形式化、行政监管效力虚化、司法救济困难化等现实难题。今后,可以从优化“告知-同意”规则的分场景强度适用机制、完善行政监管的效用性监管和专业化监管,以及构建更为灵活、多元的权利救济渠道等方面,更好地提升人脸信息保护实效。

At present,facial recognition technology is widely used in the field of comprehensive social governance and digital economy,greatly improving the efficiency of public and private services and management,but improper use of facial information protection also brings real risks.The current legal system of regulating illegal acts of facial information processing in China is facial with the shortage of abstract principles more than specific rules,vague provisions more than detailed provisions,and general provisions more than precise provisions.The application of law in facial information protection practice has produced three practical problems:the formalization of the application of the"informed consent"rule,the nullification of the effectiveness of administrative supervision,and the difficulty of judicial relief.The legal response measures to improve the effectiveness of the facial information protection system include optimizing the application mechanism of the"informed consent"rule,improving the effectiveness of administrative supervision and professional supervision mode,and building flexible and diversified right relief channels.