互花米草入侵对湿地生态环境的影响及治理——以山东省为例

Impact of Spartina alterniflora Invasion on Wetland Ecological Environment and Its Control——Taking Shandong Province as an Example

作为一种外来物种,互花米草从国外引入我国,用来抵御台风、保滩护岸。互花米草具有广盐性和耐淹性,耐重金属环境,适应性强,在山东省沿海增长十分迅速,在互花米草入侵严重的滩涂上,难以看到本土植物的生存迹象,严重威胁湿地生态系统的多样性。其入侵会对湿地生态系统造成难以预计的后果,必须对其进行治理和控制。2020年,山东省印发《山东省互花米草防治实施方案》,启动互花米草治理工作,它是全国首个全面启动互花米草联防联控机制的省份。控制互花米草的主要方法有物理法、化学法、生物法和资源化利用法等,要根据互花米草生长区的实际情况,因地制宜地加以实施,最大限度地保护渤海滨海湿地生态系统。

As a introduced species,Spartina alterniflora is introduced into China from abroad to resist typhoons and protect beaches and banks.Spartina alterniflora has euryhaline,flood resistance,heavy metal tolerance,strong adaptability,and is growing rapidly in the coastal areas of Shandong Province,on the mudflat where Spartina alterniflora has seriously invaded,it is difficult to see signs of survival of native plants,which seriously threatens the diversity of wetland ecosystem.Its invasion will have unpredictable consequences on the wetland ecological system,and it must be treated and controlled.In 2020,Shandong Province issued the"Spartina alterniflora Prevention and Control Implementation Plan in Shandong Province"to start the Spartina alterniflora control work,it is the first province in China to comprehensively launch the Spartina alterniflora joint defense and control mechanism.The main methods to control Spartina alterniflora include physical method,chemical method,biological method and resource utilization method,according to the actual situation of Spartina alterniflora growing area,it should be implemented according to local conditions to protect the coastal wetland ecosystem of the Bohai Sea to the maximum extent.