邻苯二甲酸酯对育龄人群及其子代生殖健康影响的研究进展

Research progress on the effects of phthalates on reproductive health of childbearing population and their offspring

我国育龄妇女总生育率呈明显下降趋势。研究表明,年龄和遗传等因素与生育率有显著相关性,此外,环境内分泌干扰也可损害生育力。随着新型环境污染物的大量使用,其对育龄夫妇生育能力影响成为相关领域研究热点。邻苯二甲酸酯是一种常用塑料制品中的增塑剂,普遍存在于玩具、食品包装、建筑材料、电子与医疗部件、个人护理产品、办公学习用品等塑料包装产品中,是环境污染的主要物质。多项研究表明,邻苯二甲酸酯不仅能造成环境及水源的污染,还因其生殖毒性、遗传毒性、免疫毒性、神经毒性、致畸、致癌等多种毒性作用,对人类健康尤其是对育龄人群及其子代生殖健康的影响不容忽视。当前邻苯二甲酸酯及新型替代品在生殖健康的人群流行病学研究尚存在争议,毒性机制仍处于探索阶段。本文通过对邻苯二甲酸酯对亲本世代、子代(包括胚胎)的生殖发育及遗传毒性等影响的国内外研究进展做一综述,旨在推进邻苯二甲酸酯污染物有效控制措施的制定与其对生殖健康风险的预测,从而为邻苯二甲酸酯对育龄阶段人群不良生殖结局的精准防控提供科学依据和指导方案。

The total fertility rate of women in childbearing age showed a downward trend in China.In addition to the age and genetic factors,environmental endocrine disruption can also impair fertility.The impact of increasing new environmental pollutants on the couples in childbearing age has become a research hotspot recently.Phthalate acid esters(PAEs)is a common plasticizer in plastic products,which is widely found in toys,food packaging,construction materials,electronic and medical components,personal care products,office and school supplies and other plastic packaging products,and is the main substance of environmental pollution.Multiple studies have shown that PAEs can not only cause environmental and water pollution,but also have a variety of toxic effects such as reproductive toxicity,genotoxicity,immunotoxicity,neurotoxicity,teratogenicity,and carcinogenesis.Therefore,its impact on human health,especially on reproductive health of people of reproductive age and their offspring,cannot be ignored.However,the current epidemiological study of PAEs and new alternatives in reproductive health population is still controversial,and the toxicity mechanism is still in the exploration stage.This article through to PAEs of parental generation,children(including embryo)of reproductive development and the influence of genetic toxicity research progress at home and abroad to do a review,aims to promote effective control measures for the establishment of PAEs pollutants rather than on reproductive health risk prediction,thus for PAEs of adverse reproductive outcomes of reproductive stage of people provide a scientific basis for precision control and guidance.