人工智能侵权的新兴责任主体研究

Research on Emerging Liability Subjects of Artificial Intelligence Infringement

除传统侵权责任主体以外,人工智能侵权的责任主体还应包括算法设计者、数据提供者和算法应用平台。算法设计者宜从生产者中剥离出来独立承担过错责任,对外与生产者、销售者承担不真正连带责任。数据提供者是以盈利为目的使用运营手段向人工智能提供数据的主体,采用自动化处理技术的数据提供者应适用过错推定责任。算法应用平台是联结终端用户与开发者之间的媒介,其中公务机关应用平台宜适用无过错责任,以减少权力异化的风险,其他应用平台则适用过错推定责任;在对外责任的承担上,算法应用平台宜与直接原因的责任主体一起承担不真正连带责任。

In addition to traditional tort liability subjects,the liability subjects of artificial intelligence infringement should also include the algorithm designer,the data provider and the algorithm application platform.The algorithm designer should be separated from the producer,undertaking the fault liability independently,and bear the unreal joint obligation with producers and sellers.The data provider is a subject that provides data to artificial intelligence by means of operation for the purpose of profit.The data provider that adopts automatic processing technology should apply fault presumption responsibility.The algorithm application platform is a medium connecting end users and developers.The application platform of public agencies should apply no-fault liability to reduce the risk of power alienation,and other application platforms should apply fault presumed responsibility.In the assumption of external liability,the algorithm application platform should bear the unreal joint obligation with the responsible subject of the direct cause.