儿童本位视域下孤独症谱系障碍儿童发展的重构

Reconstruction of the Development of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children-Oriented Perspective

孤独症谱系障碍是神经发育性疾病,传统视角的研究和实践关注孤独症儿童的生理缺陷和治疗矫正,忽视了其为“人”、为“童”的本质特征。基于儿童本位视角重构孤独症儿童发展,需要兼顾其物质生活和精神生活,解读孤独症的起源、评估和诊断工具、症状,欣赏孤独症儿童的天性、潜能和价值。扬弃传统救助模式,重塑发展性取向的教育援助,是促进孤独症儿童健康发展的时代转向。

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder,and the traditional perspective of research and practices focus on the physical defects,and treatment and correction of children with autism spectrum disorder,ignoring their essential characteristics of being“human”and“children”.To reconstruct the development of children with autism spectrum disorder from a child-oriented perspective,it is necessary to take into account their material life and spiritual life.Interpreting the origin,assessment and diagnostic tools,and symptoms of autism,appreciating the nature,potential and value of children with autism spectrum disorder,and“abandoning”the traditional assistance model and reshaping the educational assistance of developmental orientation are the turn of the era to promote the healthy development of children with autism spectrum disorder.