儒家视域下生物多样性思想探赜

On the Thought of Biodiversity from the Perspective of Confucianism

生物多样性存在的儒家哲学基础是天地之气,气化万物,万物皆气之聚合。儒家承认生物多样性的存在,“物之不齐,物之情也”,体现在:认为天地“广生”“大生”万物,万物来源同一,具有平等的生命价值;阴阳动态平衡机制使万物和谐地生活在一起;“和实生物”“和而解”的博弈机制使万物既竞争又和平相处。保护生物多样性的原因有:自然万物承载着神秘的至上之道,“物莫不含神而具性”,神性使人类对万物产生敬畏之心;仁民而爱物是天所赋予人类的一种德性;万物一体,人与万物都是宇宙的一部分,“爱者优存”而不是适者生存乃是自然真正的演化规律。儒家爱护自然的思想,不仅仅是一种知,而且还化为统治阶级的一种法律规范,约束制约着人类的行为。

The Confucian philosophical basis for the existence of biodiversity is that Qi is the most primitive,the only primitive element of the universe,and all things are transformed from Qi.Confucianism recognizes the existence of biodiversity,saying that“things vary greatly,which is an objective situation and a natural law.”This is reflected in Confucianism’s belief that heaven and earth“extensively and diversely reproduce”all things,all of which come from the same source and have equal life value;The dynamic equilibrium mechanism of yin and yang makes everything live together harmoniously;The zero sum game mechanism of“achieving harmony,all things can grow and develop”and“all contradictions must be resolved through reconciliation”enables all things to compete with each other and coexist peacefully.The reason for protecting biodiversity is all things in nature carry a mysterious path of supremacy,and“all things have their own divinity”.This divinity of all things creates a reverence for humanity towards all things;Benevolence to the people and love for things is a virtue gifted to humanity;Everything is one,and both humans and everything are part of the universe.“Only groups with love can finally survive”rather than“survival of the fittest”,which is the real evolution law of nature.The Confucian thought of caring for nature is not only a kind of knowledge,but also a legal norm of the ruling class,which restricts human behavior.