中国语境下被遗忘权的内涵、价值及其实现

A Restatement on the Connotations,Values and Realization Of Right to be Forgotten

搜索引擎技术的大众化特性改变了信息流通的方式,不仅扩散了信息的传播范围,甚至可能无限延长信息的留存,因而使得合理的信息遗忘机制失效,影响个人声誉的恢复。我国《民法典》和《个人信息保护法》均未规定被遗忘权,但被遗忘的法益是一项正当的独立的人格法益,本质上是实现个人身份建构的法益。不同于民法上的隐私权,被遗忘权仅适用于合法被公开的个人信息;不同于民法上的名誉权,被遗忘权中的个人信息是真实的,只因在网络上存续时间过长,影响了个人的身份呈现。《个人信息保护法》中的删除权是实现被遗忘权本权的一种手段,被遗忘权的义务主体限于搜索引擎,但应扩大解释至通过调用搜索引擎快速检索信息并生成回复的生成式人工智能;其权利内容为限制搜索引擎通过姓名查询结果的网站链接,而非彻底从网络上删除。原始公开行为的合法是搜索引擎再次公开的合法性基础,但信息公开行为合法无法推导出搜索引擎为所有搜索行为持续提供网页链接的合理性。

The popularization of search engine technology has changed the way information flows,not only expanding the scope of information dissemination,but also potentially and indefinitely prolonging the retention of information,thereby invalidating the reasonable mechanisms for information to be forgotten and affecting the restoration of individual's reputation.Neither The Civil Code nor the Personal Information Protection Law of China mentions the right to be forgotten.But the right to be forgotten is an independent legal interest of individuals,which is essentially a legal interest to realize the construction of personal identity.Distinguished from right to privacy in The Civil Code,the right to be forgotten only applies to personal information that is legally disclosed;Unlike the right of reputation in civil law,the personal information involved is true,which undermines the presentation of the personal identity because the information stays on the Internet for too long.The right of deletion in The Personal Information Protection Law is a means to realize the right to be forgotten.Its subject of obligation is limited to search engines,but it should be extended to the generative AI that quickly retrieves information and generates responses by calling search engines;The content of the right is to invalidate website links of search results by name through search engines,rather than completely remove them from the Internet.The legality of the original information disclosure is the legal basis of search engines' re-disclosure,but the legality of information disclosure cannot infer the rationality of search engines' continuously providing webpage links for all search behaviors.