20世纪初的欧洲史学理论与中国史研究——以福兰阁的王安石研究为例

European Historical Theories and Chinese History Studies in Early 20th Century:Exemplified by Otto Franke's Research on Wang An'shi

20世纪初,欧洲的中国史研究从汉学的一个分支进而奠定起独立的学科地位,19世纪发展成熟的历史学在其中扮演了重要角色。历史学为原本从属于汉学的中国史书写提供了标准进程,由历史问题引领、建立在严格的史料批判基础上、以社会科学理论为分析工具的新范式逐渐确立。福兰阁是19、20世纪之交新型学院式汉学家的代表人物,他将德国历史主义史学的理论和方法应用于中国史研究,搭建起欧洲史学理论与中国史研究之间的桥梁。福兰阁对王安石及其变法的研究集中体现了新范式的特点,通过对王安石等杰出人物的观察,他提炼出中国历史上的“国家社会主义”思想这一议题,并以演化的方式追踪其在历史时间秩序中的外在表现,发掘其对“现代”中国的影响。

Chinese historical studies in Europe underwent significant changes at the turn of the 20th century,heavily influenced by the maturation of European Historiography in the 19th century.Europe-an historical theories played a crucial role in shaping a new research paradigm in Chinese history stud-ies,which placed emphasis on addressing historical questions,employing rigorous textual criticism,and utilizing social science theories as analytical tools.Otto Franke,who was a representative of the new generation sinologist in early 20th century,introduced theories and methods from European His-toricism into Chinese history studies.His research on Wang An'shi clearly showed the features of this new research paradigm.He proposed a theory that the state socialism ideology had once appeared in Chinese history.By means of the observation of political elites such as Wang An'shi,he traced the outward manifestations of the ideology in Chinese history and exposited its influence on contemporary China.