“东方主义”背后的“荒诞”与“审视”--比较文学与跨文化视野中的中国人物形象研究

The Absurdity and Scrutiny under Orientalism:A Study of Chinese Characters in Comparative Literature and Cross-cultural Perspective

纵观人类发展历史,四大文明古国对全球文化产生了偌大的贡献,其中当以华夏文明为源泉的中华文化有着最为瞩目的影响。然而,中华文化的“东学西渐”之路却并非一帆风顺。近代以来,西方学者凭借双方意识形态的差异与权力间逐渐不对等的地位开始漠视、诋毁中华文化。美籍阿裔学者爱德华·萨义德借助黑格尔的“欧洲中心主义”与葛兰西的“文化霸权理论”建构出“东方主义”理论,将此现象完美诠释。本文旨在以《鲁滨孙漂流续记》《面纱》《情人》三本西方名著为主,其它诸多历史材料为辅,结合萨义德《东方学》中的理论观点从“东西语境”逐渐转至“中西语境”,以历史发展为横向脉络分析各个时期的中国人物形象,分析西方著作中“荒诞”与“审视”的情节以及探讨全球化背景下中华文化的未来定位。

Throughout history,the four ancient civilizations have made significant contributions to global culture,with Chinese culture,the source of Chinese civilization,having the most significant impact.However,the path of“learning from the East and the West”of Chinese culture has not been smooth.In recent times,Western scholars have begun to disregard and denigrate Chinese culture by virtue of the ideological differences between the two sides and the gradual inequality of power.Edward Said,an Arab-American scholar,constructed a theory of“Orientalism”based on Hegel’s“Eurocentrism”and Gramsci’s“theory of cultural hegemony”to perfectly explain this phenomenon.The purpose of this paper is to focus on three Western masterpieces,namely The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe,The Painted Veil and L’amant,supplemented by many other historical materials,and to combine the theoretical viewpoints in Said’s Orientalism from the“East-West context”to the“China-West context”,and to analyze each period in a horizontal context of historical development.We will analyze the Chinese characters in each period in a horizontal line of historical development,analyze the episodes of“absurdity”and“scrutiny”in Western writings,and discuss the future orientation of Chinese culture in the context of globalization.