草地啮齿动物食性的影响因素及研究方法综述

Review on Influencing Factors and Research Methods of Grassland Rodent Feeding Habits

啮齿动物的啃食、掘洞、刈割和贮草等行为对草地生态系统具有重要影响。研究啮齿动物食性,有助于明确其在生态系统中的地位、作用及其对草地的危害程度,是鼠害防控和草地适应性管理的重要依据。通过对草地啮齿动物食性影响因素及研究方法文献进行综合分析和信息提取,总结啮齿动物食性的影响因素,并从宏观调查和微观分析两个角度分析各食性研究方法的适用领域及优缺点。基于5类微观研究方法的综合比较发现,传统的粪便分析法和胃容物分析法仍是啮齿动物食性研究的主要方法,但随着稳定同位素法和DNA分子技术的兴起和发展,将传统方法和新技术相结合对动物食性研究具有重要意义,可为草地啮齿动物食物选择、草畜平衡的维持及精准防控提供科学依据。

The behavior of rodents such as gnawing,digging,clipping,and storing grass has a significant impact on grassland ecosystem.Investigating the dietary habits of rodents contributes to clarifying their ecological roles,impacts,and levels of harm to grasslands.This study serves as a vital foundation for rodent pest control and adaptive grassland management.By conducting a comprehensive analysis and information extraction of literature on factors influencing rodent feeding habits and research methodologies,we summarize the influencing factors of rodent diet.We also analyze the applicability,strengths,and limitations of various dietary research methods from both macroscopic surveys and microscopic analyses.Based on a comprehensive assessment of five microscopic research methods,it is evident that traditional methods such as fecal and stomach content analyses remain principal techniques in rodent dietary research.However,with the emergence and advancement of stable isotope analysis and DNA molecular techniques,the integration of traditional methods with new technologies holds essential implications for animal dietary research.This approach can offer scientific foundations for grassland rodent food selection,maintaining grass-livestock balance,and precise pest control.