民国时期北平筹建公立公墓探析

Analysis of Public Cemeteries in Peiping during the Republic of China

筹建公墓是南京国民政府成立后,在全国各地推广的公共卫生治理的一项重要工作。解决寺庙停柩问题始终是北平筹建公墓的直接目的和重要动力。北平市政府做出有益的探索,整体思路以充分调查寺庙、义地停柩数量为基础,再于近郊选取合适的公地创建公墓,但20年间公立公墓的筹建工作,一直停留于“选址”的初步阶段而未有实质推进。由于工作思路、殡葬观念、现实需求、财政实力、社会环境等原因,北平的公立公墓始终筹而未建。

After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government,the preparation for the con⁃struction of public cemeteries became an important work of public health governance promoted through⁃out the country.Solving the problem of keeping cof⁃fins containing corpses in temples before burial has always been the direct purpose and important motiva⁃tion of building public cemeteries in Peiping.The Peiping Municipal Government made beneficial explo⁃rations.The overall idea was to fully investigate the number of temples and free burial ground where cof⁃fins were stored,and then select appropriate public places in the suburbs to build cemeteries.However,the preparation for the construction of public ceme⁃teries in the past two decades has remained at the initial stage of"site selection"without progress,al⁃though the government of the late Republic of China has made some efforts in using Japanese cemeter⁃ies to prepare for the construction of civilian cemeter⁃ies.Public cemeteries have not been built due to work ideas,funeral concept,practical needs,financial strength,social environment and other reasons.