2015-2019年山东省某三甲医院抢救室六大病种流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Six Kinds of Diseases in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2019

目的分析2015-2019年山东省某三甲医院抢救室六大病种的流行病学特征,为疾病预防及急诊科医护人员培训方向、医疗资源配置提供数据支持。方法通过医院HIS医疗信息登记系统回顾性收集山东省某三甲医院2015-2019年急诊抢救室就诊的六大病种患者的基本信息,将资料导入Excel软件汇总,运用描述流行病学方法和分析性研究方法对收集的资料进行分析。结果①就诊情况:六大病种中就诊人数最多的是急性心肌梗死(7014例),最少的是严重颅脑损伤(1000例),不同病种就诊人数比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②变化趋势:2015-2019年急性心肌梗死患者就诊人数呈下降趋势,急性脑卒中患者就诊人数呈上升趋势,其他病种就诊人数趋于平稳;③年龄方面:急性心力衰竭、急性呼吸衰竭、急性心肌梗死三个病种的就诊患者中以61~80岁比例最高;急性脑卒中患者以51~70岁比例最高;严重颅脑损伤患者以≤30岁比例最高;严重创伤就诊患者多集中在41~50岁;④季节方面:急性心力衰竭、急性呼吸衰竭、急性心肌梗死患者就诊最多的季节是冬季和春季,最少的是夏季;严重创伤、严重颅脑损伤患者就诊最多的季节是夏季,最少的是冬季;急性脑卒中患者就诊最多的季节是春季和秋季;⑤性别方面:六大病种就诊的男性患者均多于女性;⑥班次方面:急性心力衰竭、急性呼吸衰竭、急性心肌梗死就诊人数最多的班次是白班;严重创伤、严重颅脑损伤、急性脑卒中就诊人数最多的班次是小夜班。结论六大病种的流行病学特点不同,医院可根据六大病种各自的流行病学特点安排相关的理论与技能培训、做好人力资源及急救设备合理配置,努力为患者提供高质量的护理。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of six kinds of diseases in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2019,and to provide data support for the training direction of medical staff in disease prevention and emergency departments and the allocation of medical resources.Methods The basic information of patients with six kinds of diseases in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2019 was retrospectively collected through the hospital HIS medical information registration system.The data were imported into Excel software for summary,and the collected data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods and analytical research methods.Results①Clinical situation:The number of patients with acute myocardial infarction(7014 cases)was the highest in the six kinds of diseases,and the least was severe craniocerebral injury(1000 cases).There was a statistically significant difference in the number of patients with different diseases(P<0.05).②The change trend:From 2015 to 2019,the number of patients with acute myocardial infarction showed a downward trend,the number of patients with acute stroke showed an upward trend,and the number of patients with other diseases tended to be stable.③In terms of age:Among the patients with acute heart failure,acute respiratory failure and acute myocardial infarction,the proportion of 61-80 years old was the highest.The highest proportion of acute stroke patients was 51-70 years old.The highest proportion of patients with severe craniocerebral injury was≤30 years old.The highest proportion of patients with severe trauma were 41-50 years old.④In terms of seasons:The highest number of patients with acute heart failure,acute respiratory failure and acute myocardial infarction was in winter and spring,and the lowest number was in summer.The most frequent visits of patients with severe trauma and severe craniocerebral injury were in summer,and the least in winter.The peak seasons for patients with acute stroke were spring and autumn.⑤In terms of gender:There were more male patients than female patients in the six kinds of diseases.⑥In terms of shifts:The largest number of patients with acute heart failure,acute respiratory failure and acute myocardial infarction was the day shift.The largest number of patients with severe trauma,severe craniocerebral injury and acute stroke were minor night shifts.Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of the six kinds of diseases are different.Hospitals can arrange relevant theoretical and skill training according to the epidemiological characteristics of the six kinds of diseases,do a good job in the rational allocation of human resources and emergency equipment,and strive to provide high-quality care for patients.