杭州市婴幼儿及儿童食物不耐受特异性IgG抗体流行特征研究

Distribution characteristics of food intolerance-specific IgG antibodies among infants and children in Hangzhou

目的分析杭州市婴幼儿和儿童的食物不耐受特异性免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulinG,IgG)抗体流行分布特征。方法选取2020年5月至2022年5月杭州师范大学附属医院收治的980例0~14岁婴幼儿及儿童血清食物不耐受特异性IgG抗体检测结果进行回顾性分析。按照年龄分为0~1岁组(n=107)、1~3岁组(n=127)、3~6岁组(n=414)、6~14岁组(n=332),按照性别分为男童组(n=613)和女童组(n=367),按照就诊季节分为春季组(n=147)、夏季组(n=256)、秋季组(n=358)、冬季组(n=219)。比较各组婴童不耐受食物的分布特征。结果在36种食物中,对鸡蛋、牛奶、小麦的不耐受程度以中重度为主,其他以轻中度为主。男童组与女童组比较,排名前10位的不耐受食物顺序,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),分别是鸡蛋、牛奶、小麦、大豆、纳米、羊奶、葡萄柚、西红柿、甜瓜、橘子。男童组对大米、西瓜、桃子、虾、杧果不耐受情况高于女童组,对草鱼、猪肉不耐受情况低于女童组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各年龄组比较,0~1岁组对鸡蛋、牛奶、小麦、大米、大豆、土豆、甜瓜、鳕鱼、草鱼的不耐受最低,对牛肉、橙子、玉米、虾、蓝莓、桃子、杧果的不耐受最高,1~3岁组对鸡蛋、牛奶、小麦、大米、大豆、土豆、甜瓜、鳕鱼、草鱼不耐受最高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各个季节组的不耐受食物排名前5位是鸡蛋、牛奶、小麦、大米、土豆;各季节组比较,春季组对于葡萄柚、橙子的不耐受最高,夏季组对于蟹、蛤、龙虾、虾的不耐受最高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同性别、年龄、季节对食物不耐受种类和程度的影响不同,可为杭州地区婴幼儿和儿童饮食计划的制定提供参考。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of food intolerance-specific immunoglobulin G(IgG)antibodies in infants and children in Hangzhou.Methods A total of 980 cases of infants and children aged 0-14 years admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University from May 2020 to May 2022 were selected for retrospective analysis of serum food intolerance-specific IgG antibody test results.They were divided into 0-1 year old group(n=107),1-3 year old group(n=127),3-6 year old group(n=414),6-14 year old group(n=332)according to the age,boys’group(n=613)and girls’group(n=367)according to the gender,and spring group(n=147),summer group(n=256),autumn group(n=358),and winter group(n=219)according to the season.The distribution characteristics of food intolerance among infants and children in each group were compared.Results Among the 36 foods,intolerance to egg,milk and wheat was predominantly moderate to severe,while the others were predominantly mild to moderate.The order of the top 10 intolerant foods in the boys’group compared to the girls’group,none of the differences were statistically significant(P>0.05),which were egg,cow’s milk,wheat,soya bean,nano,goat’s milk,grapefruit,tomato,melon and orange.Intolerance to rice,watermelon,peach,shrimp and mango was significantly higher,and intolerance to grass carp and pork was significantly lower in the boy group than those in the girl group(P<0.05).Compared the age groups,the 0-1 year old group had the lowest intolerance to egg,milk,wheat,rice,soya bean,potato,melon,cod,and grass carp,the highest intolerance to beef,orange,corn,shrimp,blueberry,peach,and mango,and the 1-3 years old group had the highest intolerance to egg,milk,wheat,rice,soya bean,potato,melon,cod,and grass carp,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The top 5 intolerant foods in each seasonal group were eggs,milk,wheat,rice,and potatoes;comparing the seasonal groups,the spring group had the highest intolerance to grapefruit and oranges,and the summer group had the highest intolerance to crabs,clams,lobster,and shrimp,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Different genders,ages,and seasons have different effects on the types and degrees of food intolerance,which can provide a reference for the development of dietary plans for infants and children in Hangzhou.