创新生态系统知识融合的组态路径研究

Research on the configuration path of knowledge fusion in the innovation ecosystem

知识融合是实现复杂创新的关键资源,创新生态系统是促进跨领域知识融合的重要组织载体。由于核心企业提出的不同价值主张,导致创新生态系统创新目标不同,进而知识融合路径也具有显著差异,然而以往文献鲜少探究。本文基于价值主张异质性视角,遵循“主体—网络—环境”的共生理论框架,采用fsQCA方法探究技术主导型与市场主导型两种价值主张的创新生态系统实现知识融合的具体路径。结果显示:技术主导型创新生态系统知识融合路径有2条,市场主导型创新生态系统知识融合路径有3条;其中存在通用型路径,也存在各自专用型路径。进一步对比分析发现,两类创新生态系统产生高程度知识融合的核心条件不同,各条件之间的匹配与替代关系也存在差异。研究结果从异质性价值主张视角丰富并强化了创新生态系统知识融合前因条件的相关研究,为政府与企业有针对性地制定创新策略,深化跨组织、跨领域间知识深度融合,实现高质量创新发展提供了有益参考。

Knowledge fusion is critical for increasing firm productivity and its innovation competitiveness,and an innovation ecosystem is a critical organizational environment for achieving knowledge fusion.The value propositions in the innovation ecosystem with different value goals are heterogeneous,resulting in significant differences in knowledge fusion paths.Regrettably,however,previous literature has rarely investigated it,leading to a misunderstanding of knowledge fusion,which leads to idle knowledge,invalid fusion and reverse fusion of knowledge.As a result,to reverse the current low level of knowledge fusion in an innovation ecosystem,it is critical to investigate the knowledge fusion paths in an innovation ecosystem.Based on the Organizational Symbiosis Theory and the perspective of value proposition heterogeneity,this paper followed the"subject-network-environment"logic and investigates the configuration of knowledge fusion in the technology-dominant and the market-dominant innovation ecosystems.This study employed the survey data from firm-level innovation ecosystems in China,including information technology,intelligent manufacturing,electronic communication,college and technology incubator.A sample of 272 valid questionnaires was drawn from the above organizations,all of which have experiences with knowledge fusion within two types of innovation ecosystems.The configuration relationship was tested using the fuzzy set qualitative analysis(fsQCA)method.The results show that the technology-dominant innovation ecosystem has two knowledge fusion configurations and the market-dominant innovation ecosystem has three knowledge fusion configurations.There are general and special configurations,and further comparative analysis revealed that the two types of innovation ecosystems′core conditions for high-level knowledge fusion differ,as do the matching and substitution relationships between the conditions.The"focal firm-led"and"actors-network-environment linkage"characteristics of the technology-dominant innovation ecosystem can be summarized.The two paths have different conditions,but they both emphasize high-level knowledge integration.The integration is primarily dependent on the focal firms′breakthrough improvement in their independent innovation capability.The driving paths of market-led innovation ecosystem driving high-level knowledge fusion can be summarized as"environment-driven","complementary depending on actors′ability",and"main actors′ability-network-environment linkage-type".Although the conditions of the three paths are different,they all emphasize that a high degree of knowledge fusion is primarily driven by complementary actors,innovation networks and exogenous driving forces from the external environment.The general configurations of knowledge fusion of technology-dominant and market-dominant innovation ecosystem are"subject-network-environment linkage-type",but the core conditions differ from the marginal conditions,indicating that knowledge fusion is affected by cross-level multi-factors,but the importance of antecedents to produce a high degree of knowledge fusion differs due to the different value orientations of the innovation ecosystem.The findings enrich and strengthen related research on the antecedents and conditions of knowledge fusion in the innovation ecosystem from the perspective of heterogeneity value goals,allowing enterprises and governments to develop targeted innovation strategies,deepen cross-domain knowledge integration,and achieve high-quality innovation development.This paper reminds managers that when some of the conditions are missing or immature,they can compensate and balance by strengthening other conditions as much as possible,thus they must pay close attention to scientific matching and adjustment.