数字藏品的规范困境:成因、动机与风险研究

Normative dilemma of digital collections:Causes,motivations and risks

基于区块链技术的数字藏品,因具有投资和收藏价值而受到社会各界关注。然而,“尝新”的社会俗成和“模糊”的政策规范形成了社会公众的政策风险感知困境。本研究从风险的社会放大理论和自我决定理论视角揭示了社会公众政策风险感知困境的形成原因。理论和调查研究表明:第一,“尝新”的社会俗成降低了公众的政策风险感知,而“模糊”的政策规范增强了公众的政策风险感知;第二,公众不同政策风险感知困境的形成,源于“尝新”的社会俗成和“模糊”的政策规范对公众参与数字藏品投资的自主性动机的影响。即,公众参与数字藏品投资的自主性动机在“尝新”的社会俗成(“模糊”的政策规范)和政策风险感知之间起中介作用;第三,公众对创新产品体验的主观理解在“尝新”的社会俗成(“模糊”的政策规范)和参与数字藏品投资的自主性动机之间起调节作用。

Digital collections(DCs)are non-fungible tokens(NFT)in China,which are digitally distributed,purchased,collected and used by using blockchain technology to generate unique digital credentials for specific artworks on the basis of protecting their digital copyrights.DCs have quietly emerged in China since 2021,when well-known Internet companies such as Ant Group,Tencent entered the DC industry in a"flurry",which has led to unprecedented development of DCs.However,the lack of regulatory polices has led to frequent chaos and disputes in the DCs market.People′s Daily advocates strengthening the regulation of digital collections with topics such as"In the digital era,we should make good use of the positive value of DCs"and"Resist disorderly speculation and hold the line of behavior to prevent the risk of financialization of DCs".The growing DCs market has gradually become a new field of digital governance and a new object of academic research.This study attempts to explore the policy risk perceptions of Chinese investors in DCs at a special stage when the regulatory system is inadequate from a psychological perspective.Previous studies have shown that social conventions and policy norms are important predictors of the public′s willingness to invest in innovative products(or services).So,how should the public make decisions on investing DCs when they are faced with the dual contradictory situations of"tasting new"social conventions and"ambiguous"policy norms?Facing the special and complex environment of DCs,we explored the motivation and policy risk perception of public participation in DCs investment from the perspectives of"tasting new"social conventions and"ambiguous"policy norms.We conducted a two-week data collection,and finally collected 706 questionnaires to test the relevant hypotheses.As a result,we obtained the following research findings:(1)The"tasting new"social convention and the"ambiguous"policy norm have opposite effects on the policy risk perception of consumers′DCs investment.The"tasting new"social convention reduces the policy risk perception,while the"ambiguous"policy norm enhances the policy risk perception.(2)The public′s autonomous motivation to invest in DCs plays a mediating role between"tasting new"social conventions("ambiguous"policy norms)and policy risk perceptions.(3)The public′s subjective understanding of DCs innovation experience can enhance(or weaken)the effect of"tasting new"social conventions("ambiguous"policy norms)on the autonomous motivation.The core contribution of this study is to verify that norms are an important factor influencing policy risk perception,and to further clarify the different roles of"tasting new"social conventions and"ambiguous"policy norms on investors′policy risk perception.In addition,by exploring the mediating role of autonomous motivation and the moderating role of subjective understanding of innovative product experience,this study not only enriches the existing theoretical framework of regulation and policy risk,but also expands the field of application of theories related to autonomous motivation and subjective understanding.The results of this study have several policy implications.(1)The government needs to strengthen social supervision to regulate the behavior of public participation in DCs investment,and reasonably warn consumers about the financial risks of DCs to avoid the public from investing in DCs blindly in the absence of basic knowledge.(2)The government needs to strengthen and improve laws and regulations,including the formulation of technical standards and the improvement of copyright system,so as to establish a legal framework for the development of DCs and achieve compliance with the law.(3)The government needs to popularize and strengthen the education of policies related to DCs in order to improve investors′awareness of policies on DCs and enhance risk control ability.(4)The government should strictly formulate industry norms and effectively regulate the participating elements,to avoid the chaos at the early stage of industry development and establish a DCs market system with legal compliance and standardized operation,so as to create a good trading environment for consumers and promote the high-quality development of digital economy.