欧盟难民危机应对差异及前景

EU's Different Responses to Refugee Crises and Its Prospects

欧盟在2015年和2022年遭受两次大规模难民危机,但应对方式截然不同,差异性表现在政策理念、行动效率和参与程度三个方面。2015年,欧盟强调维护安全,以“打击非法入境”为名控制难民入境;2022年,欧盟强调对难民的“欢迎”和“支持”,以创纪录的速度展开工作且逐步发挥领导作用。欧盟采取差异性应对政策源于三组核心关系在不同时期的不同表现:欧洲社会的普遍态度决定了欧盟难民政策的基调,成员国是否合作影响了欧盟处理危机的能力,与周边国家的地缘关系决定了欧盟解决问题的迫切程度。欧盟在难民议题上仍面临成员国分歧巨大、制度供给不足等诸多挑战,可能的突破口是正视中东欧国家诉求,力求在庇护制度改革方面达成共识。

The EU has suffered two large-scale refugee crises in recent years,and has responded in very different ways,with differences reflected in policy philosophy,efficiency of action and degree of engagement.The EU prioritized security concerns and sought to restrict refugee entry under the guise of combating illegal immigration in 2015.In 2022,the EU is emphasizing its welcome and support for refugees,working at record speed and taking a leadership role.The reason why the EU adopts different policies stems from the differences in the performance of the three core relationships in different periods.The attitude of European society toward refugees determines the keynote of the EU's policy;member states'willingness to surrender sovereignty determines the EU's ability to deal with the crisis;and the geopolitical relations with the neighboring countries determine the EU's willingness to solve problems.In the future,the EU will face many challenges such as huge differences among member states and insuffcient system supply on the refugee issue.Possible breakthroughs are to face up to the demands of Central and Eastern European countries and reach a consensus on the reform of the asylum system.