日本人权外交的强化及其困境

Japan's Human Rights Diplomacy and Its Dilemma

自2020年以来,人权议题在日本外交政策讨论中备受重视。人权派议员团体以及执政党高层着力推动相关立法和制度准备。岸田文雄上台后不仅设置人权问题首相辅佐官,还在外务省专门设置负责人权外交机构。在日本人权外交叙事中,通过人权外交补齐日本外交的短板并在此基础上寻求地区以及国际影响力是其主观动因,而以人权问题为抓手配合美国开展全方位对华战略竞争则是其外交战略布局的应有之意。日本所推行的人权外交不仅无视自身国内的人权问题,同时将其作为外交政策手段选择性地应用,以此牵制中国的政治意图。日本输入人权规范的双重标准以及输出人权外交的区别对待,显然已经偏离了普遍人权理念的轨道。

Japan's human rights diplomacy has become increasingly active since 2020.Various parliamentary associations focusing on human rights issues and the leaders of the ruling party have been pushing for legislative and institutional preparations for human rights diplomacy.Since Kishida's administration came to power,a new Special Advisor to the Prime Minister in charge of human rights issues has been appointed,and a new agency in charge of human rights diplomacy has been established within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Filling the gaps in Japan's foreign policy through human rights diplomacy and seeking influence in the region and international community are the subjective motivations.In this process,Japan also tries to make use of human rights issues to coordinate with the United States in its comprehensive strategic competition against China.However,Japan's human rights diplomacy not only ignores its own domestic human rights problems,but also selectively applies it to countries such as China as a policy tool to constrain China.The double standards and differential attitudes in Japan's human rights diplomacy have deviated from the concept of universal human rights.