铜基催化剂在电化学固氮/碳反应中的研究进展与挑战

Research progress and challenges of copper-based catalysts in electrochemical nitrogen/carbon fixation

氨(NH_(3))是当今社会最不可缺少的化学品之一,但工业产NH_(3)过程造成巨大能耗和大量温室气体排放,引发诸多问题.因此,探寻清洁技术改善产NH_(3)环境并有效降低温室气体排放是大势所趋.近年来,电催化技术逐渐成为清洁能源发展中的重要一环,使绿色固氮、固碳成为了可能,其中电催化氮还原反应(NRR)和二氧化碳还原反应(CO_(2)RR)是一种环境友好的能源转换方式,在缓解产氨过程中的能耗问题以及温室气体的排放具有广阔的潜力和前景.但NRR和CO_(2)RR两个催化过程涉及强键的断裂和多个电子转移,动力学滞后,反应机制复杂,严重阻碍了其在工业领域的应用.为提高催化效率,设计高选择性、高稳定性的电化学催化剂尤为必要.过渡金属铜(Cu)具有独特的3d轨道和优异的电子结构,近年来在NRR和CO_(2)RR电催化领域得到了广泛研究.本综述从异质掺杂、多相复合、合金化等角度,重点讨论了Cu基催化剂的设计和改性策略,详细讨论了其在NRR和CO_(2)RR中的研究进展,并对未来Cu基催化剂在相关领域的应用前景和未来面临的挑战进行了展望,以期为今后开展相关研究提供有益参考.

Ammonia(NH_(3))is an essential chemical in modern society,but the process of industrial NH_(3) production causes huge energy consumption and a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions.Therefore,it is necessary to explore clean technologies to improve NH_(3) production environment and effectively reduce carbon dioxide emissions.In recent years,electrocatalytic technology has played an important role in the development of clean energy,which makes it possible to facilitate green nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation.Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)and carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)which are environmentally friendly ways to utilize energy,have enormous potential to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in ammonia production.However,the catalytic processes involved in NRR and CO_(2)RR entail breaking strong bonds,multiple electron transfer,dynamic lag and have a complex reaction mechanism,which seriously hinder their application.Designing electrochemical catalysts with high selectivity and stability is necessary to improve catalytic efficiency.Transition metal copper(Cu),with its unique 3d orbital and excellent electronic structure,has been extensively studied in the field of NRR and CO_(2)RR.This review discussed the design and modification strategies of Cu-based catalysts,from the perspective of hetero-doping,polyphase composite,alloying,etc.,outlined the research progress in NRR and CO_(2)RR in detail,and explored the future application prospects and potential challenges of Cu-based catalysts in related fields,which provides a reference for the further preparation of Cu-based catalysts.