北京寒冷地区村镇自维持社区的技术适用性与应用

Study on the Practicality and Application of Self-sufficiency Community Technology in Cold Region in Beijing Rural Areas

自维持技术是绿色建筑理论体系中的一种,包含两个层面的含义:自主控制和自给自足,具有能源高效利用和低碳节能的优势。目前绿色建筑技术和可持续性问题的研究逐渐从建筑单体过渡到城市领域,在这种从微观到宏观的转变下产生了自维持社区,通过将自维持技术与社区整体规划相结合,整合邻里能源资源来实现自主与自足,对基础设施不足的我国寒冷地区农村具有突出的适用性。论文以北京农村地区为研究对象,在分析当地气候特征、社区环境配套、建筑规划布局和能源利用现状的基础上,提出自维持社区主要技术应用的三种环境尺度:邻里、组团和社区,并从节能效率、技术构造、维护难度和经济成本等方面对比各项技术的优劣,针对当地特点总结出适宜的自维持社区技术并对后期的管理机制提出建议。

Self-sufficiency technology is one of the theoretical systems of green buildings,which includes two levels of meaning:autonomous control and self-sufficiency,and has the advantages of efficient energy utilization and lowcarbon energy saving.At present,the research on green building technology and sustainability issues is gradually transitioning from single building to the urban field.Under this micro-to-macro development trend,the self-sufficiency community has emerged.It combines self-sufficiency technology with the overall planning of the community,achieving independence and self-sufficiency through integration neighborhood energy resources,which has outstanding applicability to rural areas in China where infrastructure is insufficient.Taking Beijing rural areas as the research object,based on the analysis of local climate characteristics,community environmental support,building planning and layout,and the current situation of energy utilization,the paper proposes three environmental scales that apply the main technologies of self-sufficiency community:neighborhood,group,and community.The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are compared in terms of energy saving efficiency,technical structure,maintenance difficulty and economic cost,and etc.According to the characteristics of rural areas in Beijing,appropriate self-sufficiency community technologies are summarized and suggestions are made for the later management mechanism of the community.