日本天然气水合物开发工作发展历程分析及对我国的启示

Analysis of Development Process of Natural Gas Hydrate in Japan and Its Enlightenment to China

日本作为最早设立国家级水合物研发计划的国家之一,通过为期20余年的政府持续投入以及相关工作的有效部署实施,在资源勘查与评价、技术方法和装备研发、现场开发(试采)、环境影响评价、经济效益评价等方面取得了巨大成就。其中,日本分别于2013年和2017年实施的两次海域试采工作,成为推动水合物产业化开发的重要里程碑。尽管日本水合物开发计划未能完全实现最初设定的目标,但在系统部署、严密组织管理、严谨实施、规范流程制定、成果发布宣传等方面取得的经验值得我国学习和借鉴。例如,在以国有石油公司和研究机构为主导推进相关研发工作的同时,积极引入私营企业和外国企业广泛参与;重视技术方法和装备的研发,围绕水合物勘查与试采相关领域,形成了具有自主知识产权的保压取心工具和模拟程序;对整个水合物研发工作的部署非常全面、细致,几乎考虑了水合物资源勘查开发涉及的所有领域;始终坚持目标导向和问题导向等。

As one of the first countries to set up a national hydrate research and development plan,Japan has made great achievements in resource exploration and evaluation,technical methods and equipment research and development,field development(production test),environmental impact assessment,and economic benefit assessment through continuous government investment and effective deployment and implementation of related work for more than 20 years.Among them,two sea area production test in Japan in 2013 and 2017 have become important milestones on promoting the industrialized development of hydrates.Although Japan's hydrate development plan failed to fully achieve the initial goals set,the experience gained in system deployment,strict orga nization and management,rigorous implementation,standardized process formulation,and results release and publicity are worth learning and guiding for China.For example,while state-owned oil companies and research institutions take the lead in promoting relevant research and development,private and foreign enterprises are actively involved.They attach importance to the research and development of technical methods and equipment,and have developed pressure holding coring tools and simulation programs with independent intellectual property rights around hydrate exploration and production test.The deployment of the whole hydrate research and development work is very comprehensive and detailed,considering almost all the fields involved in the exploration and development of hydrate resources.Goal orientation and problem orientation are always adhered to.