炼油厂贵金属废催化剂回收处理经验浅析

Analysis of Experiences in Recovery and Treatment of Spent Noble Metal Catalysts in Refineries

某炼油厂重整、歧化、异构化催化剂等都属于含贵金属催化剂,贵金属废催化剂的回收处理是炼油厂换剂检修的一项重点工作。首先,确定好废贵金属回收厂家,在装置检修前做好废贵金属回收的各项物资准备工作;双方共同对贵金属废催化剂取样、铅封密封及称重,获得废剂净重,双方意见一致后贵金属废催化剂可以出厂由乙方负责运输。废催化剂样品采集需要注意代表性,如重整废催化剂的粉剂和球剂需要分开取样。废催化剂样品分析取样采用液体取样,铂萃取溶解后进行分析。贵金属样品分析一般从有资质的检测机构中采取抓阄的方式随机选取三家。办理危废跨省转移五连单费时较长,一般需要3~6个月。就贵金属废催化剂的回收处理过程中涉及的计量、采样分析、运输以及回收贵金属质量、安全、环保方面的经验进行了总结,并提出了针对性措施或建议。

The reforming catalysts,disproportionation catalysts and isomerization catalysts in a refinery are all catalysts containing noble metal.The recovery and treatment of spent noble metal catalysts is a key task in the catalyst replacement and maintenance of the refinery.The first thing is to determine a company for the recovery of spent noble metal catalysts.Material preparation for the recovery of spent noble metal catalysts is to be completed prior to the overhaul of units.Both parties jointly carry out the sampling,lead sealing and weighing of spent noble metal catalysts,and obtain the net weight of the spent catalysts.With mutual agreement,the spent noble metal catalysts can be delivered and Party B is responsible for the transportation.The representativeness of samples is important during the sample collection of spent catalysts,for instance,spent reforming catalyst powder and pellets need to be sampled separately.Liquid sampling is adopted for the analytical sampling of spent catalysts,that is to say,platinum is dissolved in solution.Generally three qualified testing organizations are randomly selected by drawing lots for the analysis of noble metal samples.Fulfilling the trans-provincial transfer formalities of hazardous waste is time-consuming,generally 3 to 6 months are needed.This paper sums up the experiences in measurement,sampling analysis,transportation,and the quality,safety and environmental protection of noble metal recovery during the recovery and treatment of spent noble metal catalysts,and proposes targeted measures or suggestions.