基于粮食安全的南方耕地保护问题与对策分析

Analysis on the problems and countermeasures of cultivated land protection in southern China from the perspective of food security

耕地是粮食生产的载体,是粮食安全的根本保障。本文基于1996—2022年我国31个省份粮食产量等统计数据,采用统计分析法、比较分析法从南北方、农业生态区等不同尺度分析中国粮食生产的区域特征。通过分析发现:①北方地区粮食产量自2005年超过南方粮食产量且在随后年份二者产量差距逐渐增大;②粮食主产区逐渐向东北区和黄淮海区集中,但江南区和华南区、四川盆地等地粮食产量增长率较低,甚至出现粮食减产现象;③我国南方部分省份的粮食生产规模和耕地面积不断萎缩;南方耕地整体呈现出数量下降、质量降低、利用效能降低等现象,这是造成南方粮食产量下降的重要原因,成为威胁国家粮食安全的又一突出问题。基于此,建议:①加强南方水田等优质耕地资源保护;②进一步优化农业生产空间和生产条件;③探索构建区域差异化、多元主体参与的耕地保护补偿制度;④进一步构建多元化食物供给体系,拓展增产空间。

Cultivated land is the carrier of food production and the fundamental guarantee of food security.Based on the statistical data of food production in 31 provinces of China from 1996 to 2022,this paper makes a comparative analysis on regional characteristics of food production in China from different dimensions.The following are the findings of the research.First,food production in the north surpassed that of the south since 2005 and the gap widened in subsequent years.Second,the major grain producing areas were gradually concentrated in the Northeast region and Huang-Huai-Hai region,but the growth rate of food production in Jiangnan and Sichuan Basin was lower and even decreasing.Third,food production scale and cultivated land area has been shrinking in some southern provinces.The quantity,quality and utilization efficiency of cultivated land in Southern China was declining as a whole,which led to the decline of food production in Southern China,and therefore threatens national food security.On the basis of this research,the paper puts forward some suggestions.First,strengthen the protection of high-quality cultivated land resources in southern.Second,improve the space and conditions for agricultural production,and explore ways to build a compensation system for cultivated land protection with regional differentiation and multi-subject participation.Furthermore,it is also important to build a diversified food supply system to increase food production.