新西兰无居民海岛管理机制及其启示--以Tūhua岛为例

Management mechanism of uninhabited islands in New Zealand and its enlightenment:a case study of Tūhua Island

为了解新西兰无居民海岛管理机制,为我国相关工作提供借鉴,本文探讨新西兰Tūhua岛的管理特点,并分析其对我国无居民海岛管理工作的启示。研究结果表明,新西兰政府在开发保护Tūhua岛的过程中,充分考虑该岛无定居居民的特点和对毛利原住民的关切,其管理呈现主体多元有序,保护而不隔绝,尊重并吸收毛利习俗,各界深入参与等特点。结合国情,参照新西兰对Tūhua岛的管理经验,我国应建立完善的海岛政策制度体系,完善多部门协同管理机制,推进登记确权,推动民间力量和专业学会参与,为开发利用行为设定具体限制规范。

In order to understand the management mechanism of uninhabited islands in New Zealand and provide references for related work in China,this paper discusses the management mechanism characteristics of Tūhua Island.In view of local government structure of New Zealand as well as the unique rights and interests of Māori Aborigines,the management of Tūhua Island takes diverse and orderly subjects with extensive participation of all government and social sectors.It aims to protect,respect and absorb Māori customs instead of isolating them.Combined with China's conditions and drawing on New Zealand's experience in managing Tūhua Island,China should take the following measures for better protection of uninhabited islands.First,establish a complete policy system for islands management;second,improve the mechanism of trans-agency coordination;third,speed up registration and certification to promote the participation of social forces;fourth,mobilize social forces as well as academic organizations;and finally,set specific norms for utilization of uninhabited islands.