基于粮食安全和生态安全的耕地生态保护研究

Research on Ecological Protection of Cultivated Land Based on Food Security and Ecological Security

研究目的:在粮食安全和生态安全双重目标下,探索耕地生态保护的内涵、举措及实施路径。研究方法:文献综述法,理论分析法。研究结果:(1)耕地生态保护要注重生态系统结构保护、过程调控以及对区域生态的影响;(2)生态保护以构建高产稳产可持续耕作系统、保护生态系统服务产出能力、减少生态负面效应和统筹发挥山水林田湖草沙生态综合效应为目标;(3)耕地生态保护存在保护动力不足、理论技术体系不完善、保护举措不成体系等问题;(4)耕地生态保护要从景观结构、土壤结构和营养结构等方面开展,并调控好生境、物质输入与输出、作物种植等过程。研究结论:构建以结构保护和过程调控为主线的耕地生态保护路径,能有效促进耕地“三位一体”保护,保障国家粮食安全和生态安全。

The purpose of this paper is to explore the connotation,measures and implementation path of ecological protection of cultivated land based on the dual objectives of food security and ecological security.The research methods include literature review and theoretical analysis.The research results show that:1)ecological protection of cultivated land should focus on structural protection of ecological system,process regulation and ecologically regional impacts.2)The objectives of ecological protection include the establishment of a sustainable farming system with high and stable yield,the protection of the service output capacity,the reduction of negative ecological effects and the exploitation of regional ecological comprehensive effects exerted by mountain,water,forest,land,lake,grass and sand.3)Ecological protection of cultivated land lacks motivation,theoretical technology and systematic measures.4)Ecological protection of cultivated land can be implemented from the structures of landscape,soil and nutrition,and well regulate the processes of biophysical condition,substance input and output,and planting.In conclusion,a path of ecological protection of cultivated land with structural protection and process regulation as the main line is developed to promote the establishment and improvement of a mechanism for the“trinity”protection of cultivated land quantity,quality and ecology that can achieve national food and ecological security.