从老子“处下”的本源意义看家庭教育问题的道家式解决

Daoist Solutions to Family Education Problems,Drawing from the Original Meaning of Lao-Tzu’s“Subordinate”

老子主张主动地自然“处下”,其基本特征是选择的自然性、认知的整体性、态度的融合性。其本源意义在知高低而后就低、知雄雌而后守雌、知荣辱而后守辱、知大小而后居小、知动静而后守静、知利弊而后不争等具象选择中得以体现。家庭教育中家长“处下”很有必要,但一些家长自身也存在不宜、不愿、不该、虚假的“处下”认识误区。遵照老子的观点,家长应该追求道家式科学,以靠近真实而“处下”;参悟道家式接受,以接纳倾听而“处下”;确立道家式责任,以辅助引导而“处下”;引领道家式关切,以真诚自然而“处下”。

Laozi advocated for the adoption of a proactive and naturally sound concept of the“subordinate”,the basic characteristics of which are the naturalness of choice,the integrity of cognition and the integration of attitude.Its original meaning is reflected in the concrete choices of knowing high and low,maintaining a humble position as a leader,knowing honor and disgrace,knowing size and then living small,knowing both movement and quietness,and knowing the pros and cons while avoiding squabbles.It is necessary for parents to“subordinate”in family education,but some parents are either unwilling,or are not suited for,or have a mistaken understanding of“subordinate”.If Lao-Tzu’s philosophy is to be followed,parents should pursue a Taoist approach to science in order to get closer to reality.This means understanding the Taoist way of accepting and receiving things,accepting and listening to the“subordinate”,establishing the responsibility of Taoism to help guide and“subordinate”,navigating challenges with a Taoist mindset,and practicing the concept of the“subordinate”with sincerity and naturalness.