2019-2021年河北省全株玉米青贮品质对比研究

The Study on Quality Comparison of Whole Corn Silage in Hebei Province from 2019 to 2021

本研究旨在比较2019-2021年河北省全株玉米青贮品质的差异。采集2019-2021年度河北省13地市参加奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)奶牛场饲喂的全株玉米青贮,共计870份样品,对青贮样品干物质、淀粉、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维以及乳酸、乙酸、总可消化养分等营养、能量和发酵指标进行检测。结果显示:2021年全株玉米青贮DM含量最高,极显著高于2020年和2019年(P<0.01),2020年与2019年DM差异不显著(P>0.05);2021年CP含量最高,极显著高于2019年(P<0.05),但与2020年差异不显著(P>0.05);淀粉含量以2021年为最高,显著高于2019年和2020年(P<0.05),2019年和2020年差异不显著(P>0.05)。2019-2021年各年之间的总可消化养分含量差异极显著(P<0.01),泌乳净能、维持净能及生长净能的情况与之趋势一致。2021年玉米青贮的pH值最高,极显著高于2020年(P<0.01),2019年和2020年差异不显著(P>0.05);2020年的乳酸含量最高,极显著高于2019年和2021年(P<0.01),2019年显著高于2021年(P<0.05)。研究表明,2021年河北省玉米青贮综合营养指标高于2019年和2020年,2020年青贮发酵指标明显优于2019年和2021年。

This study was conducted to compare the silage quality of whole maize plants in Hebei Province from 2019 to 2021.A total of 870 whole corn silage samples were collected from 13 participating dairy cows(DHI)in Hebei Province during 2019-2021.Dry matter(DM),Starch,Crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),lactic acid(LA),acetic acid(AA),total digestible nutrient(TDN)and other nutritional,energy and fermentation indexes of silage samples were determined.The results showed as follows:the DM content of corn silage in 2021 was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in 2020 and 2019(P<0.01),there was no significant difference between DM in 2020 and DM in 2019(P>0.05).The content of CP in 2021 was the highest and significantly higher than that in 2019(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference from 2020(P>0.05).Starch content of corn silage in 2021 was the highest,and significantly higher than that in 2019 and 2020(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between 2019 and 2020(P>0.05).The contents of total digestible nutrient(TDN)in corn silage from 2019 to 2022 were significantly different(P<0.01),the net energy for lactation(NEL),net energy for maintenance(NEm)and net energy for growth(NEg)of silage were consistent with the trend of TDN.The pH value of corn silage in 2021 was the highest and significantly higher than that in 2020(P<0.01),there was no significant difference in pH of corn silage between 2019 and 2020(P>0.05).The LA content of corn silage in 2020 was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in 2019 and 2021(P<0.01),the content of LA in silage in 2019 was significantly higher than that in 2021(P<0.05).The results showed that the comprehensive nutrition index of corn silage in 2021 was higher than that in 2019-2020,and the fermentation index of corn silage in 2020 was significantly better than that in 2019 and 2020.