基于生物材料的多模态组织工程策略

Biomaterial-Based Multimodel Tissue Engineering Strategy

作为组织工程三要素之一,生物材料在组织工程和再生医学中的重要作用备受关注。生物材料不仅仅是支撑结构以及细胞和生长因子的递送载体,同时可构建适宜的“再生微环境”,调控干细胞、免疫细胞、组织特异性细胞的细胞行为并激活组织再生潜能。此外,生物材料所具备的本征理化特性、生物活性,以及传递的外源刺激等不同模态的材料学信号均可调控细胞行为,激活基因表达,进而诱导组织再生。近年来,基于仿生设计原则,解码天然细胞外基质的材料学信号并揭示它对于细胞行为的调控作用和分子机制,指导多功能生物材料设计,诱导组织再生修复,已成为组织工程和再生医学研究的共性科学问题。因此,基于组织工程和再生医学策略中生物材料的重要地位,提出了一种基于生物材料的多模态组织工程策略,即设计开发“All-in-One”的多功能生物材料递送多模态的细胞调控信号,协同调控细胞命运,诱导组织再生修复。在此基础上,综合阐述了生物材料负载的材料学信号对于细胞行为的调控作用,并以神经组织工程为例介绍基于生物材料的多模态策略内涵,最后对该策略的前景和挑战进行了展望。

As one of the three elements of tissue engineering,the important role of biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has received increasing attention.Biomaterials not only are structural supports and delivery vehicles for cells and growth factors,but also can build suitable regenerative microenvironments that regulate the cellular behavior of stem cells,immune cells,tissue-specific cells,and active tissue regeneration potentials.The intrinsic physical and chemical properties,biological activity,and exogenous stimuli transmitted by biomaterials can regulate cell behavior,activate gene expression,and induce tissue regeneration.Based on the principles of bionic design,decoding the material signals of natural extracellular matrix and revealing its regulatory effects and molecular mechanisms on cell behaviors,guiding the design of multi-functional biomaterials and inducing tissue regeneration have become a common scientific issue in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Therefore,we propose a biomaterial-based multimodal tissue engineering strategy,which is to design and develop“All-in-One”multi-functional biomaterials to deliver multimodally cell-regulatory signals,synergistically regulating cell fate and inducing tissue regeneration.Here,we first reviewed the regulatory roles of some typical materials signals on cell behaviors,and then introduced the connotation of biomaterial-based multimodal tissue engineering strategy in neural tissue engineering as an example.Finally,the prospects and challenges of future researches were also proposed.