医用聚氨酯敷料研究进展

Research Progress of Medical Polyurethane Dressings

医用聚氨酯材料具有细胞毒性低、生物相容性好、力学性能优异等特性,已经成为药物、抗菌剂、抗炎剂等的良好载体。然而,传统的聚氨酯材料对石油资源的依赖程度较高,合成路线不利于绿色可持续发展。聚氨酯材料由于缺乏固有的抗菌活性和适宜的湿润性,在伤口敷料的应用中容易出现伤口感染、伤口过度润湿等问题。此外,多数研究者对伤口敷料作用效果的评估局限于小型动物模型(小鼠、兔子等),对该材料性能的研究不够深入。主要围绕医用聚氨酯材料在创面敷料方面的发展现状和问题进行了讨论与总结,并针对不同形态的聚氨酯如纳米纤维、薄膜、水凝胶、海绵及泡沫等展开了分析。提出了关于医用聚氨酯敷料的多个发展方向,包括生物质聚氨酯、多功能性聚氨酯、双层结构敷料等,期望为聚氨酯材料在医学领域中的发展提供理论依据。

Medical polyurethane material has become an outstanding carrier of drugs,antibacterial agents,and anti-inflammatory agents,due to its low cytotoxicity,good biocompatibility,excellent mechanical properties,and other excellent characteristics.However,traditional polyurethane materials are highly dependent on petroleum resources,and their synthetic route is unfavorable for green and sustainable development.Due to the lack of inherent antibacterial activity and appropriate wettability,polyurethane materials are prone to wound infection and excessive wetting in wound dressing applications.In addition,most researchers'wound evaluation is limited to small animal models(mice,rabbits,etc.),which hinders further research on material properties.In this paper,the development status and existing problems of medical polyurethane materials in wound dressings,are discussed and summarized,and different forms of polyurethane such as nanofibers,films,hydrogels,sponges,and foams are analyzed.Moreover,some development directions of medical polyurethane dressings are proposed,including biomass polyurethane,multifunctional polyurethane and bilayer scaffold,etc.This paper is expected to provide theoretical foundation for the development of polyurethane materials in the medical field.