陆地棉种质材料机采农艺性状鉴定分析

Identification and analysis of machine-picked agronomic characters of Gossypium hirsutum resource materials

【目的】分析鉴定陆地棉种质材料机采相关农艺性状,筛选出适宜机采的棉花优良材料。【方法】对120份种质材料的15个农艺性状进行变异系数、相关性、主成分和聚类分析。【结果】15个农艺性状变异分析表明,除生育期与叶绿素SPAD值的变异系数较低,分别为4.9%与4.6%,其余农艺性状变异系数均大于5%,其中叶片总数变异系数最大,为47.7%。生育期与叶枝数呈极显著正相关,与有效果枝数、衣分呈极显著负相关;株高与果枝始节高度、果枝数、有效果枝数、单株铃数和叶绿素SPAD值均呈极显著正相关,与衣分呈极显著负相关;果枝始节与果枝始节高度呈极显著正相关,与果枝数呈极显著负相关;果枝始节高度与叶绿素SPAD值呈极显著正相关;单株铃数与果枝数、有效果枝数、叶枝数、叶片总数、单铃重、叶绿素SPAD值呈极显著正相关,与衣分呈显著负相关。在欧氏距离为5时,120份材料可分为7个类群,各类群材料各有优势,第Ⅰ类群材料除株高外,第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类群除生育期外,其余性状均较符合机采要求。共提取出5个主成分,累计贡献率达77.07%,解释了120份棉花材料12个数量性农艺性状绝大部分信息,前3个主成分因子分别为单株铃数、生育期、果枝始节高度,因子4与因子5为单铃重。【结论】获得10份机采棉育种的后备优良材料。

【Objective】The agronomic characters of machine-picked upland cotton resource materials were analyzed and identified,and the excellent cotton materials suitable for machine-picked cotton were selected.【Methods】Variation analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed for 15 agronomic characters of 120 germplasm materials.【Results】The variation analysis of 15 agronomic traits showed that the variation coefficients of the other agronomic traits were all greater than 5%except the growth period and chlorophyll SPAD value,which were 4.9%and 4.6%,respectively.The variation coefficient of total leaf was the largest,which was 47.7%.The growth period was positively correlated with the number of leaf branches,and negatively correlated with the number of effective fruit branches and coat fraction.Plant height was positively correlated with the height of initial node,the number of fruit branches,the number of effective fruit branches,the number of bolls per plant and chlorophyll SPAD value,and was negatively correlated with clothing fraction.The first node of fruit branch was positively correlated with the height of the first node of fruit branch,and negatively correlated with the number of fruit branch.The height of initial node of fruit branch was positively correlated with chlorophyll SPAD value.The boll number per plant was positively correlated with the number of fruit branches,the number of effective fruit branches,the number of leaf branches,the total number of leaves,the weight of single boll and the value of chlorophyll SPAD,and was negatively correlated with the content of clothes.120 materials could be divided into 7 groups when Euclidean distance was 5,and each group had its own advantages.The groupⅠmaterials met the requirements of mechanical cotton harvesting except plant height,and the groupⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳmaterials met the requirements of mechanical cotton harvesting except that the growth period did not meet the ripness requirements.Five principal components were extracted by principal component analysis,with a cumulative contribution rate of 77.07%.most of the information of 12 quantitative agronomic traits of 120 cotton materials were explained.The first three principal components were boll number per plant,growth period and height of fruit branch beginning,and factor 4 and factor 5 were boll weight.【Conclusion】Ten cotton materials were obtained,which can be used as reserve and excellent materials for cotton breeding by machine.