新疆谷子种质资源评价及产业研究进展

Research progress,problems and development prospect of foxtail millet industry in Xinjiang

【目的】综合评价谷子种质资源农艺性状,为新疆谷子资源收集、评价和利用提供科学依据。【方法】运用统计学方法汇总。【结果】利用聚类分析和主成分分析方法,对参试资源农艺性状的遗传多样性进行综合评价。应用SSR分子标记研究新疆谷子种质资源的遗传多样性,从分子水平明确新疆谷子种质资源遗传多样性的特点、亲缘关系和遗传背景等,采用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,在遗传相似数为0.75处,124份谷子种质资源被划分为4个类群。通过SSR聚类分析,结合表型性状筛选鉴定出12份适宜新疆不同生态区种植的谷子优异种质。目前,即主要采用杂交选育、诱变等常规手段,分子标记为辅。【结论】新疆生产的小米色泽金黄、口感粘香,主要营养成分蛋白、淀粉、脂肪、硒等含量超过国内多个省(市、自治区)。新疆小麦、玉米、棉花等生产上使用的中耕机、割晒机、联合收获机经过改装调整可应用于谷子田间管理和收获等环节,结合研制出的谷子精量穴播器,使新疆谷子生产从播种到收获实现全程机械化。

【Objective】The aim was to comprehensively evaluate the agronomic traits of foxtail millet germplasm resources and provide a scientific basis for the collection,evaluation,and utilization of foxtail millet resources in Xinjiang.【Methods】Using statistical methods to summarize.【Results】Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the genetic diversity of agronomic traits of the tested resources.SSR molecular markers were used to study the genetic diversity of foxtail millet germplasm resources in Xinjiang.the characteristics,genetic relationship,and genetic background of the genetic diversity of foxtail millet germplasm resources in Xinjiang were clarified at the molecular level.UPGMA cluster analysis showed that 124 foxtail millet germplasm resources were divided into 4 groups at a genetic similarity of 0.75.Based on the results of SSR cluster analysis and phenotypic traits,12 excellent foxtail millet germplasms suitable for planting in different ecological regions of Xinjiang were screened and identified.At present,breeding methods was self-breeding and joint breeding.Conventional methods such as hybrid breeding and mutagenesis are mainly used,supplemented by molecular markers breeding.【Conclusion】The foxtail millet produced in Xinjiang is golden in color and sticky in taste.The content of main nutrients such as protein,starch,fat,and selenium exceeds that of many provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)in China.The cultivator,cutting and drying machine,and combine harvester used in the production of wheat,corn,and cotton in Xinjiang can be applied to foxtail millet field management and harvesting after modification and adjustment.Combined with the developed foxtail millet precision dibbler,the production of foxtail millet in Xinjiang can be fully mechanized from sowing to harvesting.