基于多源数据的水神堂泉及周边湿地演化研究

Analysis of Shuishentang Spring and wetlands surrounding in Shanxi Province based on multi-source data

湿地作为地球之肾,具有重要的社会、环境和经济价值。湿地退化往往引发一系列生态环境问题。为系统研究山西历史名泉——水神堂泉及其周边湿地的变化过程,基于历史开放卫星数据,使用支持向量机、随机森林、梯度提升树、最小距离、分类回归树算法和GEE深度神经网络对1984-2020年每隔5年的遥感影像数据进行湿地提取,分析水神堂泉周边湿地的历史变化趋势。采用多元统计方法研究水神堂泉水流量和湿地分布面积的关系,结果表明,1958年至今,区域内年降水量呈总体下降趋势,降幅为1.12 mm/a;泉水流量持续下降,全县湿地面积总体呈萎缩趋势,由1984年的59.82 km 2衰减到2020年的14.11 km 2,萎缩速率为1.27 km 2/a。水神堂泉水与周边湿地呈现同存共生的关系,泉水流量和降水量是影响湿地面积的主要因素,泉水流量的减少是湿地面积衰减的最主要原因。

As the kidney of the earth,wetlands have important social,environmental and economic values.Wetland degradation often leads to a series of ecological and environmental problems.In order to systematically study the change process of Shuishentang Spring,a famous historical spring in Shanxi,and the variance of its surrounding wetlands,the historical open satellite data was taken as the main data source,by the method of support vector machine,random forest,gradient lifting tree,minimum distance and classification regression tree algorithm and GEE s deep neural network,the area of wetlands in Guangling County every five years from 1984 to 2020 were extracted based on the remote sensing image data.Also,the historical changes of wetlands around Shuishentang Spring were analyzed.Multivariate statistical analysis was used to study the correlation between spring water flow and wetland distribution area.The results showed that the annual precipitation in the region had a general downward trend since 1958,with an annual decline of 1.12 mm/a.The spring water flow continued to decline,and the wetland area in the whole county decreased from 59.82 km 2 in 1984 to 14.11 km 2 in 2020 with a shrinking rate of 1.27 km 2/a.The spring water and wetland in Shuishentang showed a symbiotic relationship.Spring water flow and precipitation were the main factors affecting wetland area,and the decrease of spring water flow was the main reason for the decline of wetland area.