晋西北黄土高原县域生态网络构建初探

Preliminary study on the construction of county ecological network in Northwest Shanxi Loess Plateau

生态网络构建可以减少生态景观碎片化,有利于提高生态斑块的景观连通性,保障生态系统稳定运行,提高生态环境的承载能力。选择山西省忻州市静乐县为研究区,基于土地利用现状数据,采用形态学空间格局分析法(MSPA)和景观连通性评价识别生态源地,选取8个阻力因子构建生态阻力面,采用最小累计阻力模型提取生态源地之间的生态廊道,通过重力模型进行廊道重要性分级,最后运用电路理论和水文分析,识别研究区关键区域,并有针对性地提出生态网络优化措施。结果显示:研究区生态源地有15处,主要分布在东部和西北部的山区,中部受河流、公路和铁路重叠影响,综合阻力值高,景观连通性较低;生态廊道有36条,其中重要廊道22条,一般廊道14条。研究结果可为静乐县的国土空间生态修复规划提供科学依据,对黄土高原县域生态网络构建也有一定的参考。

The construction of ecological network can reduce the fragmentation of ecological landscape,improve the landscape connectivity of ecological patches,ensure the stable operation of the ecosystem,and improve the carrying capacity of the ecological environment.Taking Jingle County in Shanxi Province as the study area,the current landuse data,morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA)and landscape connectivity assessment are used to identify ecological sources,eight resistance factors are selected to construct a ecological resistance surface.Then,the minimum cumulative resistance model(MCR)is used to simulate the ecological corridor.The gravity model is used to classify the importance of the corridor.Finally,circuit theory and hydrological analysis are used to identify the key areas in the study area,and the ecological network optimization measures are put forward.The results show that there are 15 ecological sources in Jingle County,which are mainly distributed in the mountains in the east and northwest.There are overlapping impacts of rivers,highways and railways in the middle,with high comprehensive resistance value and low landscape connectivity;There are 36 ecological corridors in the study area,including 22 important corridors and 14 general corridors.This study can provide a scientific basis for the ecological restoration planning of territorial space of Jingle County,and also a reference for the construction of the county ecological network on the Loess Plateau.