不同种源地四川牡丹种子质量差异

Study on the Seed Quality Difference of Paeonia decomposita from Different Provenances

以不同种源地四川牡丹种子为研究对象,探讨不同种源地四川牡丹种子质量差异及其与环境因子关系,并对其种子质量进行等级评定。结果表明:(1)除种子长宽比和种皮厚度外,四川牡丹种长、种宽、种子净度、千粒重、种子生活力、种子活力和种子含水量差异在不同种源地间均达到显著水平。不同种源地间的变异系数分析表明,就种子形态而言,种皮厚度变异系数最大(>10%),种宽变异系数最小(<10%);就种子品质而言,种子活力和种子生活力变异系数较大(>10%),种子净度、种子千粒重和种子含水量变异系数较小(<10%)。(2)不同种源地四川牡丹种子质量具有明显的相关性,种长与种宽、种子长宽比、种子生活力显著相关;种宽与种子含水量、种子长宽比、千粒重、种子生活力关系显著;种子净度与含水量、千粒重关系显著;千粒重与种子含水量、种子生活力显著相关;种子生活力与种子含水量显著相关。(3)纬度、海拔、年均降雨量和年均气温是影响四川牡丹种子质量的主要环境因子。(4)主成分分析显示,种宽、种子含水量、种子生活力、种皮厚度和种子千粒重可作为种子质量等级评定的主要指标。聚类分析显示,参试的6个种源地可分为三类,第一类为丹巴(DB)、理县(LX)、康定(KD)种源地;第二类为马尔康(MEK)、小金(XJ)种源地;第三类为金川(JC)种源地,其中,理县种源地种子质量最好,金川种源地种子质量最差,综合评定得分由大到小依次为:理县>丹巴>康定>马尔康>小金>金川,种子评定等级合格的种源地有5个,分别为:理县、丹巴、康定、马尔康、小金,金川种源地评定等级为不合格。

Paeonia decomposita seeds from different provenances were studied,aiming to discuss the differences of seed quality and its relationship with environmental factors in different provenances,finally,the seed quality was graded.The result showed:(1)In addition to the length-width ratio of seed and the thickness of seed coat,the differences in seed length,seed width,seed purity,1000-grain weight seed viability,seed vigor and seed moisture content among different provenances were significant.The analysis of coefficient of variation among different provenances showed that in terms of seed morphology,the variation coefficient of seed coat thickness is the largest in both intraprovenance and interprovenance variation(>10%)and the variation coefficient of seed width was the smallest(<10%);In terms of seed quality,the variation coefficient of seed vigor and seed viability was larger(>10%);The variation coefficient of seed purity,1000-grain weight and seed moisture content was smaller(<10%).(2)The seed quality of P.decomposita had obvious correlation among different provenances.Seed length was significantly correlated with seed width,length-width ratio of seed and seed viability;Seed width was significantly correlated with seed moisture content,length-width ratio of seed,1000-grain weight and seed viability;Seed purity was significantly correlated with seed moisture content and 1000-grain weight;1000-grain weight was significantly correlated with seed moisture content and seed viability;Seed viability was significantly correlated with seed moisture content.(3)Latitude,altitude,annual average rainfall and annual average temperature were the main environmental factors affecting the seed quality of P.decomposita.(4)The results of principal component analysis showed that the seed width,seed moisture content,seed viability,seed coat thickness and 1000-grain weight could be used as the main indexes for seed quality rating.The cluster analysis results showed that the six tested provenances could be divided into three categories.The first category included Danba(DB),Lixian(LX)and Kangding(KD)provenances;The second category included Ma’erkang(MEK)and Xiaojin(XJ)provenances;The third category included Jinchuan(JC)provenance.Among them,the seed quality of LX provenance was the best,the seed quality of JC provenance was the worst,and the comprehensive evaluation scores were from the largest to the smallest:LX>DB>KD>MEK>XJ>JC.There were 5 provenances that were qualified for seed grading,namely LX,DB,KD,MEK and XJ,and JC provenances.