粪肥配施对赤苍藤生长及食用部位氨基酸含量的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Manure on Growth and Amino Acids Content of Erythropalum scandens Bl.

探究不同有机肥配施对木本蔬菜赤苍藤的生长及氨基酸含量的影响,为提高赤苍藤食用部位产量及提升其口感和营养成分含量提供实践依据。本试验以2年生木本蔬菜赤苍藤扦插苗为试验对象,采用鸡粪和牛粪2种有机肥进行双因素三水平(0.4、0.8和1.2 kg/株)共10组处理的随机区组试验设计(以不施用有机肥为对照组),施用6个月后测定分析不同配比有机肥处理下赤苍藤可食用部位的生长状况及氨基酸含量的变化情况。多因素方差分析结果表明,鸡粪和牛粪的主效应及交互作用对赤苍藤多数生长指标具有显著(P<0.05,下同)或极显著影响(P<0.01,下同)。在生长特性层面,与对照组的生长指标相比,各有机肥处理组赤苍藤植株的生长指标均显著或极显著提升,且组间均存在极显著差异;平均萌芽数和叶面积均以T6处理组(鸡粪0.8 kg/株+牛粪1.2 kg/株)最大,分别为12.67个和28.25 cm^(2),而地径增量和枝条长度增量分别以T8处理组(鸡粪1.2 kg/株+牛粪0.8 kg/株)和T9处理组(鸡粪1.2 kg/株+牛粪1.2 kg/株)最大,分别为2.77 mm和41.11 cm;各生长指标均随着鸡粪和牛粪施用量的增加呈逐渐增大或先增大后减小的变化趋势。在各类氨基酸含量层面,赤苍藤可食用部位的必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸及药效氨基酸总含量在施肥后均较对照组上升。其中,T6处理组(鸡粪0.8 kg/株+牛粪1.2 kg/株)赤苍藤可食用部位的必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸及药效氨基酸含量均最高,分别达1.131%、0.809%、0.704%和1.930%,分别为对照组的149.87%、185.55%、160.73%和170.80%;氨基酸含量随着施肥量的逐渐增加呈先上升后下降的变化趋势。综上,适当施用有机肥可促进赤苍藤嫩茎叶生长及提升其氨基酸含量,以鸡粪0.8 kg/株+牛粪1.2 kg/株配施最有利于赤苍藤生长及其氨基酸含量提高。

To explore the effects of different combined application of organic fertilizers on the growth and amino acid content of Erythropalum scandens Bl.,and to provide a practical basis for improving the edible yield,taste and nutritional content of E.scandens.A randomized block experiment was carried out in 10 groups with two factors(chicken manure and cow manure)and three levels(0.4,0.8 and 1.2 kg/plant),using the cuttings of 2-year-old woody vegetable E.scandens as the experimental object,using chicken manure and cow manure as two organic fertilizers(the plants without any organic fertilizer as the blank control),to explore the growth and the changes of edible amino acid content of E.scandens after different organic fertilizer treatments.Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the main effect and interaction of chicken manure and cow manure had significant(P<0.05,the same as below)or extremely significant(P<0.01,the same as below)effects on most indexes.Among the growth characteristics,the plant growth indexes in all groups was significantly or extremely significantly improved compared with the"negative growth"phenomenon in the blank control group,and there were extremely significant differences among all groups.The average number of shoots and leaf area were the highest in the T6 treatment(chicken manure 0.8 kg/plant+cow manure 1.2 kg/plant)with 12.67 and 28.25 cm^(2),respectively.The maximum increment of ground diameter and branch length was 2.77 mm and 41.11 cm under T8 treatment(1.2 kg chicken manure/plant+0.8 kg cow manure/plant)and T9 treatment(1.2 kg chicken manure/plant+1.2 kg cow manure/plant),respectively.The growth indexes showed a trend of increasing gradually or first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the application amount of chicken manure and cow manure.In terms of amino acid contents,the contents of edible essential amino acids,umami amino acids,sweet amino acids and total effective amino acids of E.scandens increased in different degrees after fertilization compared with the control group.T6 treatment(chicken manure 0.8 kg/plant+cow manure 1.2 kg/plant)had the highest contents of essential amino acids,umami amino acids,sweet amino acids and medicinal amino acids,which were 1.131%,0.809%,0.704%and 1.93%,respectively,which were 149.87%,185.55%,160.73%and 170.80%of the control group.The content of amino acids increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application.Excessive application of organic fertilizer is not conducive to the growth and accumulation of various amino acid content in E.scan⁃dens.In conclusion,proper application of organic fertilizer can promote growth and the contents of some amino acids in young stems and leaves of E.scandens,the combination of chicken manure(0.8 kg/plant)and cow manure(1.2 kg/plant)was the most beneficial to the growth and increase of amino acid content.