矿井直流电法技术应用现状与展望

Status and prospect of the application of mine DC electrical method technology

矿井直流电法作为一种高效的地球物理勘探手段,在精准圈定各类异常区方面发挥了重要作用。井下探测空间小、干扰多、技术要求高,其发展受到诸多因素限制,因此,建立快速采掘模式下与智能化矿井生产相匹配的矿井直流电法技术体系意义重大。从基本原理、技术发展及分类3个方面对矿井直流电法进行了概述,总结了矿井直流电法用于顶底板探查、巷道超前探测、工作面内异常区探查等方面的最新进展;对矿井直流电法仪器与设备研发进展进行了分析,列举了常见的几类矿井直流电法仪器;分析了矿井直流电法在解决工程问题中存在的关键问题:(1)目前矿井直流电法超前探测技术在含/导水异常体圈定空间的定位精度低,同时存在有效探测距离不足的问题。(2)矿井直流电法施工空间狭小,在有限的测试空间内,多方位地质异常体电性响应叠加,增加了数据处理和解释难度。(3)矿井直流电法在井下应用时易受场地金属源干扰,特别是受掘进机、液压支架、锚锁(网)支护、轨道、输送管道等大型金属件影响。对矿井直流电法未来发展方向进行了展望:(1)构建多源地电场数据响应特征库。(2)多源数据融合解释。(3)建立矿井直流电法智能化监测体系。

As an efficient means of geophysical exploration,mine DC electrical method plays an important role in accurately circling various types of anomalous zones.The development of underground detection is limited by many factors due to small space,interference and high technological requirements.Therefore,it is significant to establish a mine DC electrical method technology system that matches the intelligent mine production under the rapid extraction mode.The paper gives an overview of mine DC electrical method from three aspects,namely,basic principle,technology development and classification.It summarizes the latest progress of mine DC electrical method used in roof and floor exploration,roadway advance detection,and anomaly area exploration in the working face,etc.It analyzes the progress of the research and development of mine DC electrical method instruments and equipment.It enumerates several common types of mine DC electrical method instruments.It analyzes the key problems of mine DC electrical method in solving the engineering problems.①The current mine DC electrical method advance detection technology has low positioning precision in the circled space of water-bearing/conducting anomalies.At the same time,there is the problem of insufficient effective detection distance.②The construction space of mine DC electrical method is narrow,and the electrical response of multidirectional geological anomalies is superimposed in the limited testing space.It increases the difficulty of data processing and interpretation.③The mine DC electrical method is susceptible to interference from metal sources at the site when applied underground,especially by large metal parts such as roadheaders,hydraulic supports,anchor locks(nets)supports,rails,and conveying pipelines.The future development direction of the mine DC electrical method is prospected.①It is suggested to construct a multi-source geoelectric field data response feature library.②It is suggested to obtain interpretation of multi-source data fusion.③It is suggested to establish the intelligent monitoring system of mine DC electrical method.