多次犯中的行为人危险及预防性惩罚

On the Personal Danger in Repeated Offenses and the Pr eventive Punishment

多次实施违法犯罪彰显了行为人的危险性,在我国刑事立法与司法实践中可以影响定罪量刑,但仍然是在“行为刑法”的框架内对于行为人危险的考量。多次违法犯罪可以作为构成要件要素、可罚的违法性要素、有责性判断阶段中对于“明知”的认定等定罪要素以及作为影响量刑的要素。无论是广义的还是狭义的多次犯,都是针对具有犯罪危险的行为人,并依据其刑罚指征而采取的“预防性惩罚”,以便促使行为人形成统一的违法性意识,敦促行为人选择“弃恶从善”,更加有效地预防犯罪。“行为—行为人”双层次犯罪论体系能够充分实现刑法惩罚和预防犯罪的目的。

The facts of repeated violations and offenses show the personal danger of a perpetrator and could influence the conviction and sentencing in the criminal legislation and judicial practice of China,but it is still a factor considered in terms of the personal danger of the perpetrator in the framework of"conduct-based criminal law".The facts of repeated violations and offenses could be treated as an element of conviction such as an element of crime constituents,an element of punishable illegality and an element for determining the"knowing"in terms of culpability,and as an element affecting sentencing.The concept of repeated offenses,whether in broad sense or in narrow sense,entails the"preventive punishment"adopted against perpetrators with the criminal danger according to their indications of criminal punishment,thus helping perpetrators form a unified awareness of illegality,urging perpetrators to proactively choose to"abandon the evil and follow the good",and leading to a more effective prevention of crimes.The"Conduct-Perpetrator"two-level criminal theory system could fully realize the purposes of criminal law,i.e.punishment and prevention of crimes.