国家出资公司治理模式选择与法律制度保障

On the Multiple-Coordinated Governance of State-funded Companies and the Institutional Guarantee

《中华人民共和国公司法》的新一轮修改引入“国家出资公司”可以促进公司法的功能扩展和回应国企改革发展需求,但也凸显出既有公司治理的规则局限与法理匮乏,修改草案相关制度设计尚不完善。国家出资公司的治理模式选择应当跳出本位与主义之争的窠臼,建构和完善以董事会为中心的治理模式。在此理念下,宜将董事会定位为国家出资公司的“决策机构”,以利于其扮演好多种角色。董事会中心治理模式的法律制度保障,需要厘清公司法作为“公开运营法”之功能,以促进公司制企业从“暗箱”变为“明箱”;同时以董事会作为公司治理机制建构的重心;在立法技术上以机构间分权为手段,对董事会采取概括授权,对其他机构采取限定授权;并且,为避免多头问责的弊端,应构建统一的监督问责机制。

In the new round of revision of the Company Law of China,the introduction of"state funded companies"can promote the expansion of the functions of the Company Law and respond to the needs of state-owned enterprise reform and development,but it also highlights the limitations of rules and the lack of legal theories of existing corporate governance,and the relevant system design in the revised draft is not yet sound.The model of governance of state-funded companies should be chosen by ignoring disputes over orientation and doctrines,and the construction and improvement of a governance mode centered on the board of directors should be the right choice.Under this concept,it is advisable to position the board of directors as"the decision-making body"of a state-funded company,in order to facilitate its play of various roles.Regarding the legal system guarantee for governance model centered on the board of directors,it is necessary to clarify the function of the Company Law as a"public operation law"to promote the transformation of corporate enterprises from"a dark box"to"a bright box";At the same time,the board of directors should be treated as the focus of the establishment of governance mechanism;In terms of legislative technology,inter-agency decentralization is used as a means to give general authorization to the board of directors and limited authorization is adopted for other institutions;In order to avoid the drawbacks of multiple accountability,a unified supervision and accountability mechanism should be established.