使命稳健:社会企业双重目标融合发展机制研究

Mission Robustness:the Mechanism of Integrated Development of the Dual Goals of Social Enterprises

现有使命漂移文献聚焦于如何防止社会企业过于强调商业利益而淡化先前社会目标,忽视了不少社会企业因缺乏自我造血能力而不得不放弃社会目标的现实困境。如何减少被动型的使命漂移、增强社会企业使命稳健性,是一个值得进一步展开探讨的话题。基于对3家金牌社会企业的多案例研究,发现社会企业通过“构建组织认同”与“塑造核心竞争力”两条关键路径实现了使命稳健,即在坚守社会使命的同时维持了市场客户和经济收入的稳定性,从而有效避免因经济上不可持续而造成的使命漂移或组织消亡。其中,获取内外部利益相关者的认同促使社会企业专注于社会目标,而通过识别需求、对标严格标准并持续改善产品和业务模型来构建核心竞争力,使社会企业能够在市场环境中创造更大的经济效益,有助于进一步推动其社会目标实现。研究发现揭示了两条路径在促进社会企业双重目标融合发展中的重要作用,为社会企业保持使命稳健与可持续发展提供有益启示。

The existing literature related mission drift mainly focuses on how to prevent social enterprises from overemphasizing commercial interests and downplaying previous social goals,while ignoring the practical dilemma that many social enterprises have to surrender social goals due to financial deficiency.How to reduce such kind of“forced”mission drift and enhance the mission robustness of social enterprises is a topic worthy of discussion.Based on the multi case study of three gold medal social enterprises in China,it finds that social enterprises have achieved mission stability through two key paths:“building organizational identity”and“fostering core competitiveness”,that is,maintaining the stability of market customers and economic income while adhering to the initial social mission,thus avoiding mission drift or organizational demise caused by economic unsustainability.Specially,obtaining the recognition of internal and external stakeholders urges social enterprises to focus on social goals,while building core competitiveness by identifying needs,benchmarking strict standards and continuously improving product and business models,so that social enterprises can create greater economic benefits in the market environment,which is conducive to further promoting the realization of their social goals.The research findings reveal the important role of these two paths in the integrated development of the dual goals of social enterprises,and provide guidance for social enterprises to maintain robust mission and sustainable development.