侗族传统民居的风貌演变与保护研究——以历史文化名村“肇兴侗寨”为例

Evolution and Preservation Study on the Style of Dong Traditional Residential Architecture——A Case of the Historic and Cultural Village“Zhaoxing Dong Village”

从传统侗族民居的风貌演变的原真性原则入手,通过对黔东南黎平县肇兴侗寨民居风貌变化的具体表现和发展趋势的梳理,将该问题归结于“环境肌理改变”“建筑功能布局变化”“结构材料选择”3个切片来进行研究,结果发现:(1)民居的扩张和加建严重,导致容积率增大,民居肌理由“点-线-面”结合的内聚形态转变为“线-面”组成的缝合肌理。临近“线”元素的民居原真性情况较好。(2)民居功能布局整体原真性较差,临街与临近新增公共建筑(游客中心、表演场)的民居基本变为纯商业性质,不具备居住功能,邻水民居的传统风貌相对保存较好。(3)民居的结构与材料选择较为稳定,整体原真性中等,仅立面维持地域民族特征,在村子边界的民居,原真性情况不稳定,现代风格与传统木构多有混杂。基于以上情况,进而提出基于原真性原则的传统民居保护与开发策略。

Based on the principle of authenticity in the evolution of traditional Dong dwellings,through combing the specific performance and development trend of Zhaoxing Dong Village in Liping County,Southeast Guizhou Province,this paper summarized the problem in three dimensions,namely“change of environmental texture”,“change of architectural layout”,and“choice of structural materials”.The results showed that:①The significant expansion and addition of residential buildings led to increasing plot ratio,and the cohesive residential texture has changed from“point-line-face”to“line-face”pattern.The authenticity of the houses near the“line”element is better.②The functional layout of the dwellings is poor in terms of overall authenticity,and the dwellings adjacent to the road and the new public buildings(visitor center and performance venue)have become purely commercial and do not have a residential function.The traditional forms of dwellings adjacent to the river are relatively well preserved.③The structure and choice of materials of the dwellings are relatively stable,the overall authenticity is moderate,and only the facade retains the regional ethnic characteristics,while the dwellings at the edge of the village are unstable in terms of authenticity,and the modern styles are mixed with the traditional wooden structures.Based on the above,this paper proposes a strategy for the protection and development of traditional houses based on the principle of authenticity.