中国古代建筑彩画材料的科学认知——现状、研究进展与未来方向

Scientific Study on Materials of Polychrome Decoration in Chinese Traditional Architecture——Current Status,Research Progress and Future Prospects

针对建筑彩绘装饰的科学研究在西方已经开展有年。近年来,中国古建筑彩画的科学检测分析工作也逐步展开,现阶段该领域的学术成果主要集中于国内学界,以个案研究和技术路线探讨为主。以彩画材料为对象的科学检测分析已经初步建立起一套行之有效的方法论,并仍在不断完善之中。相对有机物相而言,无机物相的分析技术更加成熟。当前这一研究领域的主要局限在于:由已知样本形成的基础数据库尚未实现足量积累,在一定程度上制约了检测数据解读的深度和准确性;限于跨学科对话合作这一薄弱环节,既有研究往往难以与文献记载及匠作经验结合,其结论仅止步于物相检测层面,而未能真正形成对彩画材料的科学认知;同时,彩画材料科学研究与彩画保护实践存在脱节状况。就未来发展方向而言,对彩画的科学研究与彩画保护实践工作的结合仍有很大发展空间,而科技检测与建筑历史的跨学科综合研究则有望成为一条填补既有研究空白的新型学术路径。

Scientific research on architectural painting has been carried out for many years in the West.In recent years,scientific study on Chinese ancient architectural painting has been gradually carried out in China.At present,the academic achievements in this field are mainly concentrated in the domestic academia,mainly in case study and technical approach research.In general,a set of effective methodologies for scientific analysis of architectural painting materials has been preliminarily established,and is still being improved.Compared with organic materials,the analysis technology of inorganic materials is more mature.At present,the main limitation of this research field is that the basic database formed by known samples has not been accumulated in sufficient quantity,which restricts the depth and accuracy of detection data interpretation to a certain extent.Limited by the deficiency of interdisciplinary conversation and cooperation,current research usually does not integrate literature records and artisan experiences.Thus the conclusions are only limited to the level of material compositions analysis,but fail to form a real scientific cognition of architectural painting materials.On the other hand,scientific research is largely detached from the practice of architecture conservation.In terms of future development direction,there is still a lot of room for development in combining scientific research and conservation work,and the interdisciplinary comprehensive research of science and technology testing and architectural history is expected to become a new academic path to fill existing research gaps.