理想株型塑造之于玉米耐密改良

Molecular Design of Ideal Plant Architecture for High-density Tolerance of Maize Plant

玉米是生产能力最强的谷物作物,其充足稳定供给对保证世界范围内的粮食安全至关重要。长期的研究和生产实践表明,提高品种耐密性和种植密度是提高玉米产量的关键,而塑造理想的株型是提高玉米耐密性的重要途径。报道显示紧凑的叶夹角、较低的穗位高、较少的雄穗分枝数、较早的开花期,是玉米耐密株型性状的重要组成部分。本文从这4类性状入手,对其与耐密性的关系、形态发育及遗传调控基础的研究进展进行综述,并通过对目前研究的分析,提出了未来玉米耐密株型改良研究的一些方向,期望能为未来的玉米耐密育种提供一些有用的借鉴。

Maize(Zea mays L.)is the most productive grain crop in the world.Sufficient and stable production of maize is of great importance for ensuring worldwide food security.Long-term studies and maize production practice have shown that increasing density tolerance and planting density of maize varieties is crucial for increasing its yield,and breeding an ideal plant architecture is an important way to improve maize density tolerance.Previous reports indicate that more erected leaf angle,lower ear height,fewer tassel branches,and earlier flowering were important components of ideal plant architecture of maize for adapting to high-density planting.Hereby we intend to summarize the research progress in their relationship of four morphological traits with high-density tolerance,their morphological development,and genetic regulation.We also propose several directions for further research on improving density tolerant plant architecture in maize,aiming to provide some useful references for future breeding high-density tolerant maize.