教育代际流动与就业质量:动态效应与作用路径

Intergenerational Educational Mobility and Employment Quality:Dynamic Effects and Acting Paths

从代际资源优势/劣势累积的视角出发,使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2014—2018数据,构建了收入、社会保障、工作满意度的三维就业质量测量体系,探讨教育代际流动对受雇者就业质量的动态影响及其作用机制。研究发现:使用相对教育水平衡量法可以将教育代际流动分为高教育稳定、向上流动、向下流动和低教育稳定四种类型,其中高稳定流动者拥有较高的代际资源优势,就业质量最高,其后依次为向上流动组、向下流动组与低教育稳定组;年轻队列相对年老队列的劳动者,不同教育流动轨迹之间的就业质量差异呈扩大趋势;教育代际向下流动组与低稳定组的年龄累积劣势在年轻队列中更为明显。在此基础上的机制分析表明,教育代际向下流动与低稳定者签订正规劳动合同的几率较低是其就业质量劣势的重要来源,而教育向上流动者的劣势则来源于较高的过度教育率。中国切实推进实质性的教育代际向上流动,不仅能助力教育公平发展,更是实现高质量就业的重要途径。

From the perspective of the intergenerational accumulation of advantages and disadvantages,this study builds a three-dimensional measurement of employment quality from income,social insurance and to job satisfaction to explore the cross-sectional and dynamic effects of intergenerational educational mobility on employment quality of employees and its mechanism.Using the data of China Family Panel Survey(CFPS)from 2014 to 2018,the study distinguishes four groups of intergenerational educational mobility types with the relative educational level measuring method and the object groups include immobile high,mobile up,mobile down and immobile low.It is found that the immobile high group with the richest generational accumulations of advantages have the best employment quality.Mobile up group have the second order,then the mobile down group and the immobile low group have the lowest employment quality.Immobile low and mobile down groups have more accumulated disadvantages in younger cohorts than in older ones.The mechanism analysis shows that lack of contract leads to the disadvantages of mobile down and immobile low groups while the higher over-education rate results in the disadvantage of mobile high group.Therefore,promoting substantive upward mobility in education can not only promote educational equity,but also achieve higher-quality employment development as an important way.