挪威幼儿园冒险游戏的风险管理策略及其启示

Risk Management Strategies and Implications for Risky Play in Norwegian Kindergartens

挪威关于冒险游戏的研究较为丰富与成熟,其实践经验在国际上一直被其他西方国家借鉴。具体而言,挪威幼儿园利用丰富的自然环境、设备与材料为幼儿提供各种冒险游戏机会,并采用科学的风险管理策略来管控游戏风险与安全,具体为:识别、评估游戏环境中的风险因素,制定冒险游戏计划与规则,在幼儿进行冒险游戏时教师提供科学的管理,同时强化幼儿自身的风险管理能力。借鉴挪威幼儿园开展冒险游戏的实践经验,国内幼儿园可通过以下方法在相对安全的环境中科学地开展冒险游戏:创设具有挑战性的环境以满足幼儿的冒险需求,进行安全分析以评估游戏环境中的风险因素,制定冒险游戏规则以规避幼儿的鲁莽冒险行为,采取科学管理策略以支持冒险游戏的顺利进行,强化幼儿风险管理能力以使其能更好地应对环境中的风险变数。

Norway's research on risky play is relatively rich and mature,and its practical experience has been used for reference by other western countries internationally.Specifically,Norwegian kindergartens utilize the rich natural environment,equipment,and materials to provide children with various opportunities for risky play,and adopt scientific risk management strategies to balance play's risk and safety,that is,identifying and evaluating risk factors in the play environment,developing plans and rules for risky play,providing scientific management during children's risky play by teachers,strengthening the risk management ability of young children themselves.Drawing on the practical experience of Norwegian kindergartens in carrying out risky play,kindergartens in China can scientifically carry out risky play in relatively safe environments by creating challenging environments to meet the adventure needs of younger children,conducting security analysis to identify and evaluate risk factors in the play environment,developing rules for risky play to avoid reckless and adventurous behavior among young children,adopting scientific management strategies to support the smooth progress of risky play,and strengthening the risk management ability of young children to better cope with environmental risk variables.