教育和技能培训缓解了非正规就业者的不利境况吗? ——基于进城务工农户的考察

Can Education and Skills Training Alleviate the Adverse Situation of Informal Workers?A Study Based on the Investigation of Migrant Workers

非正规就业创造新岗位,对减少社会失业和贫困有重大意义。然而分割劳动力市场使正规与非正规就业者在机会和收益方面的差异,能否通过人力资本投资得到缓解?使用中国社会状况综合调查(CSS)数据,运用工具变量和倾向得分匹配法纠正人力资本投资自选择的内生问题。结果表明,职后的技能培训在更广泛的就业类型中促进就业机会的增加;即使劳动力市场可能存在隐形歧视,包括中等职业类的高中及以上教育投资均能增加农户就业机会和非正规就业收益,验证了教育和技能培训缓解了非正规就业者的不利境况,尤其在女性农户群体中这种缓解效应更为明显。由此建议:创办以市场需求为导向的技能培训;鼓励农户投资中等职业类教育,从事多样化非正规自雇就业;健全劳动力市场制度,消除歧视。

The creation of new jobs by informal employment is great significance to reducing social unemployment and poverty.However,can the difference in opportunities and returns between the informal and formal employment be alleviated through human capital investment?Based on the Chinese Social Survey for 2011,2015 and 2017,this paper uses the Instrumental Variable and Propensity Score Matching method to correct the endogenous problem of human capital investment self-selection.The results show that skills training promotes employment opportunities in a wider range of employment types;even if there may be hidden discrimination in the labor market,education investment including secondary vocational education can improve employment opportunities and informal employment income for migrant workers,especially in the group of female migrant workers.This paper suggests creating market demand-oriented skills training,encouraging migrant workers to invest in secondary vocational education and engage in diversified informal self-employment,and improving the labor market system to eliminate discrimination.