紫荆皮与紫金皮的本草考证及现代应用

Herbal textual and modern research of Zijingpi and Zijinpi

紫荆皮,现又名紫金皮,作为传统民族中药,因各地方使用来源不同,造成同名异物和异物同名,用药长期混乱。目前收载及争议最多的为豆科紫荆的Cercis chinensis Bunge树皮和木兰科南五味子的Kadsuralongipedunculata Finet et Gagnep.根皮两种来源,针对现状亟待对其古籍文献记载进行追本溯源明确两者的药用历史及联系。现通过对紫荆皮和紫金皮两个易混名称进行历代本草和医籍文献的检索、归纳和分析,对两者的名称、基原、性味归经及功效主治进行考证辨析,并结合现代记载及应用,作出阐述。通过考证发现,紫荆皮和紫金皮两者名称不可互用,功效区别甚远,临床应区分使用。在名称上,若以紫荆皮为正名,应以红内消作别名;若以紫金皮为正名,应以红木香作别名。紫荆皮和紫金皮从宋开始出现并出现混淆,到元明逐渐应用广泛并开始加以区分,在历代古籍中多交替或同时出现,混用现象直至现代。在基原上,紫荆皮应为豆科紫荆Cercis chinensis Bunge的树皮;紫金皮应为木兰科南五味子Kadsura longipedunculata Finet et Gagnep.的根皮。在功效主治上,紫荆皮的主要功效为破宿血、下五淋,用于消无名肿毒及解蛇虫毒等证;紫金皮的主要功效为活血通络止痛、治膝风、理脾胃,用于打扑损伤、筋断刺痛等证。木兰科南五味子根皮不仅为古代临床长期的药用品种,也是现代应用最广的主流品种。现通过对紫荆皮和紫金皮两者的古籍梳理,厘清了紫荆皮和紫金皮的名称、基原、性味归经及功效主治等方面的历史沿革,对今后两者的区分、现代应用、标准修订及开发提供了一定的参考依据。

Zijingpi,now also known as Zijinpi,is utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine.Various sources in different regions lead in the same name with foreign bodies and foreign bodies with the same name,resulting in long-term confusion in the use of medicine.The most popular and controversial are Cercis chinensis Bunge bark from Bauhinia legume and Kadsura longipedunculata Finet Gagnep from Schisandra magnolia.In view of the current situation,it is urgent to trace the history and connection between them in medicinal uses in their ancient literature.Now,by searching,summarizing and analyzing two confusing names of Zijingpi and Zijinpi in the herbal and medical literature of all times,the name,basic origin,properties and efficacy of both were investigated and analyzed combined with modern records and applications,this work forms an exposition.The terms Zijingpi and Zijinpi were discovered to be non-interchangeable,the efficacy was extremely different,and clinical application should be separated.On the name,if the proper name is Zijingpi,Hongneixiao should be its alias;if Zijinpi is the correct name,Hongmuxiang should be the alias.Zijingpi and Zijinpi appeared from Song dynasty,and there was confusion between them,to Yuan and Ming dynasty,it was widely used and distinguished gradually,and appeared alternately or simultaneously in ancient books of past dynasties,and the mixing phenomenon continued until modern times.The origins of Zijingpi should be Cercis chinensis Bunge,while the origins of Zijinpi should be Kadsura longipedunculata Finet Gagnep.In terms of efficacy,the main effects of Zijingpi are to break the persistent blood,treat the gonorrhoea,eliminate nameless swelling and poison,and relieve snake and insect poison;the main effects of Zijinpi are to activate blood circulation,relieve pain,treat knee wind,and regulate the spleen and stomach,and are used for injuries,broken tendons,stabbing pain and other symptoms.The Kadsura longipedunculata Finet Gagnep is not only a medicinal variety for ancient clinical long-term use,but also the mainstream variety with the most widespread application in modern times.This study defines the history of the name,origins,properties,and efficacy of Zijingpi and Zijinpi by combing through ancient texts,and gives some references for their differentiation,modern application,standard revision,and development.